Introduction to labor protection

Prof. Berezutskyi Viacheslav, head of chair “Labor&Environment protection”
NTU “KhPI”, 1201 room, b.U/1,
Site – http://iso-2009.ucoz.ru;
LECTOR

Obligatory types of employments on a course – Bases of Labor Protection .
Lectures - 8 hours
Practical works - 8 hours
Independent work of student - 38 hours
The exam.

Questions:
1. Aim and tasks of the discipline “Labor protection”
2. Modern conditions of bases LP management system
3. Shot History of Government services of labor security

Aim and tasks of the discipline “Labor protection”
Aim of the discipline:
The aim of discipline “Bases of Labor Protection" is to provide future engineers of theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary to address issues related to ensuring safe and healthy environment in the development and Use of new technology and processes, production organization, which exclude the Negative effects on man and environment.

The scientific content
The scientific content of the course are both theoretical and practical bases of the bases LP management in terms of production, methods of prevention and protection of workers from dangerous and hazardous working conditions.

Tasks of the discipline
As a result of studying the course "Labor protection" a student should know:
legislative and regulatory documents on protection of labor;
concept of occupational safety in the country and in the workplace;
duties and responsibilities of heads of enterprises (organizations) and their departments to ensure healthy and safe working conditions;
major international instruments for the protection of labor;
methods and tools to ensure regulatory parameters of dangerous and harmful factors.

As a result of studying the course “Bases of Labor Protection" student should be able to:
organize the issues of occupational safety in the workplace (the organization);
use regulations and ensure a safe and friendly environment in the workplace;
identify hazardous and harmful factors that accompany the workplace;
organize and participate in the investigation of accidents and accidents at work.

The list of disciplines, knowledge of which students need to master the course " Bases Labor Protection "
The knowledge of the following academic disciplines students need to master the course " BLP":
physics;
chemistry;
ecology;
life safety;
socio-economic disciplines;
technical disciplines.

The structural logic of the course and its place in the general system of sciences of the life safety
The study course “BLP" must begin with awareness of it among other disciplines, which also is dealt with issues of human security in the workplace. Structural logic is the basis for compiling the software discipline and appropriate textbooks or manuals. "Labor protection" refers to a scientific field of "Health and Safety", which also include discipline, subject to review (study), which is a security man and nature, as well as those elements of the environment of human existence that may constitute a threat to their lives and health. "Health and Safety", “Occupational Safety "," Safety in the industry, "Ecology," "Civil Defense" - these disciplines belong to the above mentioned direction.

They have common themes which may be a greater or lesser extent, reflected programs. The main task of the departments who deliver these courses is the most complete and best program aimed at rational and effective use of allocated instructional time. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize repetition, duplication of those already established disciplines. In presenting the material should be use the knowledge gained by students in high school and previous courses, and on this basis to develop them further.

But keep in mind the fact that these subject matters are reading at different proficiency levels, which should ensure that appropriate for this level of quality of knowledge. Thus, at the level of bachelor's study of "Ecology", "to security of life" and “Occupational safety", and at the level of specialist (Master), "Labor Protection in the industry" and “Civil defense".

2.Modern conditions of bases LP management system
From the definition of science "Labor protection ", the system of labor protection combines a combination of legal, socio-economic, organizational, technical, sanitary and therapeutic measures and facilities which are aimed at maintaining the health and efficiency in the labor process.

The object of control are machines, tools, processes, enterprises, industries, human activity and the like. Controls the state of this object is: the auditing of the object, determine the necessary tasks, the comparison with the assignment, development of management actions, implementation of management actions, monitoring the implementation of management actions (feedback), but others

Considering the management of occupational safety and health of the marked positions, occupational safety management system (SMS) is a collection of the system of occupational safety and control her condition. In other words, the management of occupational safety and health - is preparation, adoption and implementation of measures to ensure the safety of life and health of workers in the workplace.

However, BASES LP acts as a functional subsystem management system to all of the Ukrainian economy as a whole. Considering the BASES LP management system at the state level, we should note its characteristics such as complexity and connectedness of many of BASES LP at a particular facility is a multilevel system of governance, where the upper level is the government, and the lower level serves management of BASES LP at a specific site or a particular shop business. Depending on the type of ownership and affiliation of the object intermediate degree of control may make departmental, regional administration and management at the enterprise level, union and so on.

The main structural elements of BASES LP
The main structural elements of BASES LP management system is:
- Facility management, a system of safety at a particular enterprise or association, in the region, in Ukraine as a whole;
- Controls, which include the control of the object, development of managerial action and their implementation, monitoring of management action, analysis of such objects, the formation of job safety, comparisons.

In addition to administrative actions, the state occupational safety and health affect different perturbing effects that stem from real political and socio-economic processes and are often random, unpredictable and sometimes can be predicted in advance. Prior to such influences, for example, are structural changes in the economy, the processes of privatization, the creation of new forms and methods of farming, the development of small and medium business, introducing a system of social insurance against accidents and occupational diseases in the workplace and the like. This allows using the appropriate management decisions to avoid negative impacts or enhance the positive effect of the disturbing influence which experienced facility management.

In accordance with the Law "On Labor Protection, Administration of occupational safety in Ukraine are:
- Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine;
- Specially authorized government body of state occupational safety management - the State Committee of Industrial Safety, Labor Protection and Mining Control, which is part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (Gosgirpromnadzorohrantruda);
- At the branches level - ministries and other central bodies of executive power;
- At regional level - the local state administration and local government.

The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and Gosgirpromnadzorohrantruda administers occupational safety and health at the national level. Certain national administrative functions delegated to the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Management implications for the protection of labor in certain sectors, regions and individual enterprises, these bodies can carry out both directly and through bodies of branches, regional management of occupational health and occupational safety and health authorities of individual enterprises or their associations.

Other governments that implement public policy in the field of occupational safety at the regional or branches level. It is in this part of the public health and safety management on the one hand, some management functions of government overlap and duplication, and from another, with inadequate coordination of work of administrative bodies identified possible omissions and oversights in the work.

Structure of management organs of labor protection in fields of industry
The structure of management organs of labor protection in fields of industry is set position about the system of management the Ministry of labor, statutory committee, business concern, corporation and other association of enterprises it formed at particular branch principle which accords from Statutory сcommittee of Ukraine of industrial safety, labor and mountain control protections. The organizational structure of organs management the labor protection depends on the specific of fields of industry, structure a particular branch organs of management, existent traditions, connections which was folded in robot, and formed relations between leading structures.

Service of labour which submits the first deputy minister, chairman of statutory committee, leader of business concern, corporation and other associations of enterprises, protection is created in the central vehicle of ministry.

Service of labor protection executes such basic functions:
- develops effective integral control the system by a labor protection;
- conducts operatively methodical guidance all the work in industry from a labor protection;
- will organize providing of enterprises and associations of industry by rules, standards, positions, instructions and other normative documents from a labor protection;
- will organize an account, analysis of accidents, professional diseases and failures in industry and also take the part from these events.

Service of labor protection is completed by the specialists of the following type, as a rule:
by the engineers of the proper specialty;
• by specialists on questions of hygiene of labor;
• by lawyers which are specialized on questions of legislation about a labor protection.
At services of labors protection can be created laboratories which control a presence on the workplaces of harmful production factors.

HEAD of ENTERPRISES
Vice – HEAD of ENTERPRISES
LAW, standard
VHE from SAFETY
Bury from SAFETY or SECURITY
Workers and office workers of departments and subdivisions

Managing occupational safety and health at the regional level
The main objectives of the BASES LP management at the regional level within the territory under the law "On Protection of Labor assigned to the local government administration and the Council of People's Deputies, which:
- Ensure the implementation of state policy in the field of labor;
- Formed with the participation of trade unions of the program of activities on safety, hygiene and working environment, which are inter-importance;
- Organize the appropriate regional emergency - rescue units;
- Monitor compliance with the regulations of labor protection;
- Create the necessary funds of labor protection.

To perform these functions of local authorities create the appropriate structural units - security of our local state administrations and municipal executive councils.
Customer safety is a subdivision of the local executive body, which creates a head of state administration.

The activity in the sector of occupational safety office is working with enterprises, institutions and organizations located within the territory, but especially those who belong to the management of public administration, enterprises, non-state forms of ownership. This is, first of all, the objects of communal property, small and medium businesses located in the territory.

Security Service work together with other structural units of state administration shall perform such basic functions:
- Developing an effective integrated regional system for the prevention of injuries outside work, organize advocacy and information provision on these matters;
- Prepares proposals for the introduction of the achievements of science and technology that provide improved prevention of injuries outside work, and submits them to the public administration;
- Conduct of operations - the methodical management of labor protection;
- Receives data on companies that pass a state registration in accordance with established procedures;

- Arrange for enterprises and associations in the region rules, standards, regulations, instructions and other regulations of labor protection;
- Organizes the accounting, analysis of accidents, occupational diseases and accidents in the region, as well as the loss of these events;
- Helps companies in the region in the organization of labor protection;
- Facilitates the introduction of local plants of science and technology, advanced technology, modern means of individual and collective protection for workers that would ensure reduction of injury accidents in the region and were aimed at creating a safe and healthy working conditions;

- Coordinates the work of Occupational Health and Safety Fund to the regional social insurance against accidents and occupational diseases in the workplace;
- Consider the letters, statements and complaints of employees on occupational safety;
- Contributes to the spread of advanced domestic and foreign experience in occupational safety and promote safe and healthy working conditions.

The structure of labor-protection services in the region depends on the specifics of the region: its administrative division, the specific features of its structural units and their saturation with state enterprises and non-state forms of ownership, from the traditions that have developed, well-established relationships and has formed relationships between the administrative units in the region.

To coordinate all activities to ensure the safe life of the population of regions, including those on occupational safety issues at the regional state administrations, regional councils are on the safe life of the population, and in the office of Regional State Administration - Department of Labor. Similar structural units are organized and on the level of regional state administrations. For BASES LP management at the city level are divisions of labor (labor and social issues) by the city council deputies.

3.Shot History of Government services of labor security
- It is possible to consider beginning of observant activity given out in 1719 by Peter a ² Decree about creation of Berg-college (mountain college).
- After abolition of serfdom in the Russian empire in 1861 the organ of the special supervision is organized after safety of works in mining industry, which had the name «mountain police».
- Afterwards, with expansion of state supervision after the safe conduct of works in other industries of industry, this organ was repeatedly transformed, while did not acquire the type of modern Government Service of mountain supervision and industrial safety of Ukraine.
- After safety caldrons (котлы) supervision is the oldest special supervision. Safety of exploitation of steam-boilers was controlled already in 1843 by provinces engineers. 60 years caldrons supervision passed this supervision to the Factory inspection of Department of commerce and industry. From 1910 year and to revolution of him carried out societies of proprietors (владельцы) caldrons.
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In 1880 in first the time the inculcated basic rules of underground works were a law. It was marked at them: «Works must be carried out so that they did not make dangers for life and health of working and neighboring habitants, to respond to request buildings».
- In development of supervision Law became a landmark from June, 7, 1899. By him in first the time it was certain and delivered to jurisdiction of supervisory authorities one of basic functions of supervision is creation of normative acts from safety of works. Accordingly, the second task appeared is control after the observance of these acts.
- The soviet period of history of supervision after safety of labor began on May, 17, 1918, when Advice of Folk Commissars accepted Decree about creation of inspection of labor.
on May, 30 the decision of Council of Ministers of UKRAINE creates the Statutory broker on the supervision after the safe conduct of works at industry and mountain supervision of Council of Ministers of UKRAINE (state mountain technical supervision of UKRAINE), and decision of government his basic tasks duties and rights were certain in 1958, from what, actually, and activity of Committee began.

After creation of state mountain technical supervision (SMTS) on him the functions of state supervision were laid in industries and on the objects of enhance able danger, namely: in coal, mining and non-metallic, oil gas to extractive industry , caldrons (котлы) supervision (CS) , during exploitation of lifting buildings and old tubs which work force-feed, after the proper exploitation of deposits of minerals and guard of bowels of the earth, and also after production, storage and use of explosive materials.
- And in 1993 a new stage begins on principle in history of organs of state supervision. This it was contingently by acceptance on October, 14, 1992 Law «On a labor protection».
- Ukraine was the first among the countries of facilities of individual defense (средства индивидуальной защиты) , that passed such Act and executed the requirements of International organization of labor about organization of independent state supervision from a labor protection.
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In 1994-95 years it was developed and mostly executed the first programs of improvement of the state of terms of safety of labor and production environment.
- The National research institute of labor protection was afterwards created. Considerable attention is spared to the increase of technical strength security of operating and designed objects. For this purpose in the system SMTS the network of expertly-technical centers functions to the supervision.
- Today Government service of mountain and industrial supervision safety of Ukraine (SMISS of Ukraine) is the central organ of executive power, activity of which is sent and is coordinated by Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine through Minister of extraordinary situations of Ukraine.
- SMISS of Ukraine enters to the system of organs of executive power and in the activity follows Constitution and laws of Ukraine, commissions of President of Ukraine and Cabinet of Ministers, orders of MINISTRY emergency of measures of Ukraine and position about Government service of mountain and industrial supervision safety of Ukraine.

Leadership of SMISS
Head of SMISS Hohotva Olecsandr Ivanovich – 044- 2262083
Vice-head of SMISS Shaytan Victor Anatolyvich – 044- 2262937