Sentence Structure: Sentence Types

Содержание

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Sentence Types

Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex

Sentence Types Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

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Basic Elements of Every Sentence

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Basic Elements of Every Sentence SUBJECT PREDICATE

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Basic Elements

Mary

plays tennis.

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Basic Elements Mary plays tennis. SUBJECT PREDICATE

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Simple Sentence

Simple Sentence

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Simple Sentence

A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.

Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.

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Simple Sentence

We went to San Juan yesterday.

Observe how a simple sentence is

Simple Sentence We went to San Juan yesterday. Observe how a simple sentence is constructed:
constructed:

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Simple Sentence

We went to San Juan .

Pronoun

Verb

Simple subject

Complete predicate

Prepositional phrase

Simple Sentence We went to San Juan . Pronoun Verb Simple subject Complete predicate Prepositional phrase

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SIMPLE SENTENCE

Mary

plays tennis.

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

one subject one predicate

SIMPLE SENTENCE Mary plays tennis. SUBJECT PREDICATE one subject one predicate

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Simple Sentence

play tennis.

Tom and Mary

Compound Subject

&

Simple Sentence play tennis. Tom and Mary Compound Subject &

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Simple Sentence

play tennis and swim.

Tom and Mary

Compound Subject Compound Predicate

&

&

Simple Sentence play tennis and swim. Tom and Mary Compound Subject Compound Predicate & &

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SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject

Tom and Mary play tennis.

SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject Tom and Mary play tennis.

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SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate

Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

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Compound Sentence

Compound Sentence

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Compound Sentence

A compound sentence has more than one part that can

Compound Sentence A compound sentence has more than one part that can
stand alone (independent clauses).
Independent clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs or a semi-colon.

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Compound Sentence

We went to San Juan, and

most of us danced all

Compound Sentence We went to San Juan, and most of us danced all night.
night.

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Compound Sentence

We went to San Juan,

and most of us danced all

Compound Sentence We went to San Juan, and most of us danced
night .

Subject

Verb

Coordinating
Conjunction

Predicate

Verb

Prepositional phrase

Modifying phrase

Subject

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Compound Sentence Use of Coordinating Conjunctions

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

and

Compound Sentence Use of Coordinating Conjunctions SUBJECT PREDICATE SUBJECT PREDICATE and

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Compound Sentence

Tom

swims,

Mary

plays tennis.

and

Compound Sentence Tom swims, Mary plays tennis. and

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COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO

COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO

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Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent Independent COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

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Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Comma before “and”
in compound

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis. Comma before “and” in compound sentences! COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

sentences!

COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

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COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS MOREOVER HOWEVER OTHERWISE THEREFORE

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Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent
Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

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Note: Semicolon
before conjunctive
adverb and comma
after conjunctive adverb!

Bob is handsome;

Note: Semicolon before conjunctive adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb! Bob is
moreover, he is rich.

COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

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Conjunctive Adverbs “float”

Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can

Conjunctive Adverbs “float” Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they
be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.

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CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END

Bob is handsome;

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END Bob is
moreover, he is rich.
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

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Semicolons

“If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is

Semicolons “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses
very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

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COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON

Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and

COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.
energetic.

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Complex Sentence

Complex Sentence

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Complex Sentence

A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that

Complex Sentence A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that
can stand alone and another one that cannot
The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction

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Complex Sentence

Since my boyfriend and I wanted to have fun,

we went

Complex Sentence Since my boyfriend and I wanted to have fun, we
to San Juan yesterday.

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Complex Sentence

Since we wanted to have fun,

we went to San Juan

Complex Sentence Since we wanted to have fun, we went to San
yesterday.

Predicate

Subject

Subordinating
Conjunction

Part that cannot stand alone

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Complex Sentence

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

even though

Complex Sentence SUBJECT PREDICATE SUBJECT PREDICATE even though

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Complex Sentence

Bob

is popular

he

is ugly.

even though

Complex Sentence Bob is popular he is ugly. even though

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COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because,"

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although,"
"before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether,” and while."

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Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent

Bob is popular even though he is ugly. Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

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Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular. Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

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Compound-Complex Sentence

Compound-Complex Sentence

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This type of sentence has more than one part that can

This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand
stand alone, and at least one that cannot.
Conjunctions link the different parts of this sentence.

Compound-Complex Sentence

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Compound-Complex Sentence

Since we wanted to have fun,

my boyfriend and I went to

Compound-Complex Sentence Since we wanted to have fun, my boyfriend and I
San Juan yesterday,

and we danced all night.

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Since we wanted to have fun,

my boyfriend and I went to

Since we wanted to have fun, my boyfriend and I went to
San Juan,

and we danced all night.

Subject

Predicate

Subordinating
Conjunction

Coordinating
Conjunction

Part that cannot stand alone

Compound-Complex Sentence

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Compound-Complex Sentence

Mike

is popular

he

is good looking,

because

he

is not very happy.

but

Compound-Complex Sentence Mike is popular he is good looking, because he is not very happy. but

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Exercises

Say if the following sentences are:
Simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.

Exercises Say if the following sentences are: Simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.

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The bell rang.
Bridget ran the first part of the race, and

The bell rang. Bridget ran the first part of the race, and
Tara biked the second part.
He stands at the bottom of the cliff while the climber moves up the rock.
The skier turned and jumped.
Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and understood the material.

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Answers

Simple
Compound
Complex
Simple
Compound-complex

Answers Simple Compound Complex Simple Compound-complex

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Because Kayla has so much climbing experience , we asked her to

Because Kayla has so much climbing experience , we asked her to
lead our group.
You and I need piano lessons.
I planned to go to the hockey game, but I couldn’t get tickets.
Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she also enjoys kayaking.
There are many problems to solve before this program can be used, but engineers believe that they will be able to solve them soon.

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Answers

Complex
Simple
Compound
Compound
Compound-complex

Answers Complex Simple Compound Compound Compound-complex
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