History of programming languages. First-generation programming language, 1GL

first-generation programming language, 1GL
The first generation includes machine languages — programming languages at the level of processor commands of a specific machine. No translator was used for programming, program commands were entered directly in the machine code by switches on the front panel of the machine. Such languages were good for a detailed understanding of the functioning of a particular machine, but difficult to study and solve applied problems. (Fortran)

second-generation programming language, 2GL
Second-generation languages (2 GL) were created in order to facilitate the hard work of programming, moving in language expressions from low-level machine concepts closer to how a programmer usually thinks. These languages appeared in the 1950s, in particular, languages such as Fortran and Algol. The most important problem faced by developers of second-generation languages was the task of convincing customers that the code created by the compiler performs well enough to justify abandoning assembly programming. Skepticism about the possibility of creating effective programs using automatic compilers was quite common, so the developers of such systems had to demonstrate that they could indeed generate almost as effective code as with manual coding, and for almost any initial task. (Assembler)