Слайд 2ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the
![ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-1.jpg)
genus Entamoeba. Predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis, E. histolytica is estimated to infect about 35-50 million people worldwide.
Слайд 4DISEASE OF ENTAMOBEA
Entamoeba histolytica is an ameba that feeds on cells in
![DISEASE OF ENTAMOBEA Entamoeba histolytica is an ameba that feeds on cells](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-3.jpg)
the human colon. It is the cause of amebic dysentery (bloody diarrhea) as well as colonic ulcerations. The infection is also referred to as amebiasis.
Слайд 5GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
COSMOPOLITIAN
The prevalence of Entamoeba infection is as high as 50% in areas of Central and
![GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION COSMOPOLITIAN The prevalence of Entamoeba infection is as high as](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-4.jpg)
South America, Africa, and Asia. E histolytica seroprevalence studies in Mexico revealed that more than 8% of the population were positive
Слайд 7MORPHOLOGY
. Trophic:
The trophic forms vary in size from 15-40 micro average
![MORPHOLOGY . Trophic: The trophic forms vary in size from 15-40 micro](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-6.jpg)
being 25 micro. The cell body is divisible into two distinct portions—ectoplasm and endoplasm. The ectoplasm is clear and translucent while the endoplasm is granular
Слайд 8Cysts vary in diameter from 10-20 micro. The cysts are spherical. The
![Cysts vary in diameter from 10-20 micro. The cysts are spherical. The](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-7.jpg)
cyst wall is double and the cytoplasm usually bears four nuclei. The cytoplasm is clear and often contains black rod-like chromatoid bar or bodies.
Слайд 10 LIFECYCLE
When the cyst of E.histolytica reaches caecum or lower part of ileum excystation
![LIFECYCLE When the cyst of E.histolytica reaches caecum or lower part of](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-9.jpg)
occurs and an amoeba with four nuclei emerges and that divides by binary fission to form eight trophozoites.
Trophozoites migrate to the large intestine and lodge into the submucosal tissue.
Trophozoites grow and multiply by binary fission in the large intestine (Trophozoite phase of the life cycle is responsible for producing characteristics lesion of amoebiasis).
Certain numbers of trophozoites are discharged into the lumen of the bowel and are transformed into cystic forms.
The cysts thus formed are unable to develop in the same host and therefore necessitate a transference to another susceptible host. The cysts are passed in the feces.
Слайд 12 PATHOGENECITY
E. histolytica, as its name suggests (histo–lytic = tissue destroying), is pathogenic;
![PATHOGENECITY E. histolytica, as its name suggests (histo–lytic = tissue destroying), is](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-11.jpg)
infection can be asymptomatic or can lead to amoebic dysentery or amoebic liver abscess. Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, and amoeboma
Слайд 13 SYMPTOMS
On average, about one in 10 people who are infected with
![SYMPTOMS On average, about one in 10 people who are infected with](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-12.jpg)
E. histolytica becomes sick from the infection. The symptoms often are quite mild and can include loose stools, stomach pain, and stomach cramping. Amebic dysentery is a severe form of amebiasis associated with stomach pain, bloody stools, and fever
Слайд 14 DIAGNOSIS
A single stool examination has a low sensitivity of detecting the
![DIAGNOSIS A single stool examination has a low sensitivity of detecting the](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-13.jpg)
parasite (129). The best diagnostic method is detection of E. histolytica antigen or DNA in stool (78, 79). Clinical diagnosis of amebiasis is difficult because of the nonspecific nature of symptoms
Слайд 15 TREATMENT
Current U.S. treatment guidelines recommend as first line either metronidazole 750 mg PO
![TREATMENT Current U.S. treatment guidelines recommend as first line either metronidazole 750](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-14.jpg)
tid for 7-10 days (35-50 mg/kg/d in children) OR tinidazole 2 g once PO daily for 5 days (50 mg/kg/day in children 3 years of age or older). Luminal agents used are paromomycin, iodoquinol, and diloxanide furoate.
Слайд 16PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Improved sanitation will help to reduce the liklihood of transmission.
![PREVENTION AND CONTROL Improved sanitation will help to reduce the liklihood of](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-15.jpg)
Travelers to endemic areas can reduce the risk of infection by drinking bottled water, not using ice cubes in drinks, and washing fruits and vegetables with clean water (or by peeling them yourself).
Слайд 18Reference
https://youtu.be/wBPh9svlU9Q
https://youtu.be/gfCunkjxkMo
https://youtu.be/VRMv_lzhMZc
![Reference https://youtu.be/wBPh9svlU9Q https://youtu.be/gfCunkjxkMo https://youtu.be/VRMv_lzhMZc](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/906920/slide-17.jpg)