IV therapy

IV THERAPY - AN OVERVIEW
Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of liquid substances directly into a vein.
Compared with other routes of administration, the intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body.
It is commonly referred to as a drip because it employs a drip chamber, which prevents air entering the blood stream (air embolism) and allows an estimate of flow rate.

IV Fluids
Crystalloids
Colloids

IV Fluids
Colloids

IV Fluids
Crystalloids

IV Fluids
Colloids
Contain larger insoluble molecules, such as albumen.
Preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood
Blood itself is a colloid.

IV Fluids
Colloids

IV Fluids
Crystalloids
Aqueous solutions of water- soluble molecules.
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline=, a solution of sodium
chloride at 0.9% concentration, which
the concentration in t
is close to
he blood
(isotonic).
What is isotonic?
What is Iso-osmolar ?

IV Fluids
Crystalloids

IV Fluids
Crystalloids
? Isotonic/ Hypertonic ?

• Don’t give
potassium therapy with Dextrose containing solutions
IV Fluids
Crystalloids
When giving Dextrose containing solutions, add KCl to prevent hypokalemia
When giving KCl in the treatment of hypokalemia, don’t add it to solutions containing Dextrose.

Distribution of fluid in human body
Crystalloids move up to here
Colloids stay here

Risks and complications of IV THERAPY
Infection
Phlebitis
Infiltration and extravasation
Embolism
Fluid overload
Electrolyte Imbalance

Electrolytes
Sodium
135 – 145 mmol/L
Potassium
3.5 – 5.0 mmol/L
Calcium
2.12 – 2.75 mmol/L
( Ionised calcium 1.0-1.3 mmol/L)
Magnesium 1.5 – 2.2 m Eq/L
Phosphorous 0.81 – 1.20 mmol/L

Electrolytes
Sodium
135 – 145 mmol/L
Potassium
3.5 – 5.0 mmol/L
Calcium
2.12 – 2.75 mmol/L
( Ionised calcium 1.0-1.3 mmol/L)
Magnesium 1.5 – 2.2 m Eq/L
Phosphorous 0.81 – 1.20 mmol/L
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia