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Gas compressor
Gas compressor
A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. An air compressor is a device that converts power (usually from an electric motor, a diesel engine or a gasoline engine) into potential energy by forcing air into a smaller volume and thus increasing its pressure. The energy in the compressed air can be stored while the air remains pressurized. The energy can be used for a variety of applications, usually by utilizing the kinetic energy of the air as it is depressurized. Compressors are similar to pumpsCompressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluidCompressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible; while some can be compressed, the main action of a pump is to pressurize and transport liquids. Centrifugal compressors Centrifugal compressors use a rotating disk or impeller in a shaped housing to force the gas to the rim of the impeller, increasing the velocity of the gas. They are primarily used for continuous, stationary service in industries such as oil refineriesThey are primarily used for continuous, stationary service in industries such as oil refineries, chemicalThey are primarily used for continuous, stationary service in industries such as oil refineries, chemical and petrochemicalThey are primarily used for continuous, stationary service in industries such as oil refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants and natural gas processing plants
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The second law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics asserts the irreversibility of natural processes, and the tendency of natural processes to lead towards spatial homogeneity of matter and energy, and especially of temperature. It can be formulated in a variety of interesting and important ways. It implies the existence of a quantity called the entropy It implies the existence of a quantity called the entropy of a thermodynamic system. When two initially isolated systems It implies the existence of a quantity called the entropy of a thermodynamic system. When two initially isolated systems in separate but nearby regions of space, each in thermodynamic equilibrium It implies the existence of a quantity called the entropy of a thermodynamic system. When two initially isolated systems in separate but nearby regions of space, each in thermodynamic equilibrium with itself but not necessarily with each other, are then allowed to interact, they will eventually reach a mutual thermodynamic equilibrium. The sum of the entropies of the initially isolated systems is less than or equal to the total entropy of the final combination. This statement of the law recognizes that in classical thermodynamics, the entropy of a system is defined only when it has reached its own internal thermodynamic equilibrium. The second law refers to a wide variety of processes, reversible and irreversible. All natural processes are irreversible. Reversible processes are a convenient theoretical fiction and do not occur in nature. A prime example of irreversibility is in the transfer of heat by conduction or radiation. It was known long before the discovery of the notion of entropy that when two bodies initially of different temperatures come into thermal connection, then heat always flows from the hotter body to the colder one. According to the second law of thermodynamics an element of heat transferred, δQ, is the product of the temperature (T) with the increment (dS) of the system's conjugate variable, its entropy (S).
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Ideal gas law Equation of state
Ideal gas law Equation of state
In physicsIn physics and thermodynamics, an equation of state is a relation between state variables is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions associated with the matter, such as its temperature is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions associated with the matter, such as its temperature, pressure is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions associated with the matter, such as its temperature, pressure,volume is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions associated with the matter, such as its temperature, pressure,volume, or internal energy is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions associated with the matter, such as its temperature, pressure,volume, or internal energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of fluids is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions associated with the matter, such as its temperature, pressure,volume, or internal energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of fluids, mixtures of fluids, solids is a relation between state variables. More specifically, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions associated with the matter, such as its temperature, pressure,volume, or internal energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of fluids, mixtures of fluids, solids, and even the interior of stars. An ideal gas is a theoretical is a theoretical gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that do not interact except when they collide elastically. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that do not interact except when they collide elastically. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law, a simplified equation of state is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that do not interact except when they collide elastically. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law, a simplified equation of state, and is amenable to analysis under statistical mechanics is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that do not interact except when they collide elastically. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law, a simplified equation of state, and is amenable to analysis under statistical mechanics. One mole of an ideal gas has a volume of 22.7 L at STP. At normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressureAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gasesAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogenAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogen, oxygenAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogenAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gasesAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, and some heavier gases like carbon dioxideAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, and some heavier gases like carbon dioxide can be treated like ideal gases within reasonable tolerances. Generally, a gas behaves more like an ideal gas at higher temperatureAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, and some heavier gases like carbon dioxide can be treated like ideal gases within reasonable tolerances. Generally, a gas behaves more like an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower pressureAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, and some heavier gases like carbon dioxide can be treated like ideal gases within reasonable tolerances. Generally, a gas behaves more like an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower pressure, as the workAt normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure, most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, and some heavier gases like carbon dioxide can be treated like ideal gases within reasonable tolerances. Generally, a gas behaves more like an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower pressure, as the work which is against intermolecular forces becomes less significant compared with the particles' kinetic energy, and the size of the molecules becomes less significant compared to the empty space between them. The ideal gas model tends to fail at lower temperatures or higher pressures, when intermolecular forces and molecular size become important. At some point of low temperature and high pressure, real gases undergo a phase transitionThe ideal gas model tends to fail at lower temperatures or higher pressures, when intermolecular forces and molecular size become important. At some point of low temperature and high pressure, real gases undergo a phase transition, such as to a liquidThe ideal gas model tends to fail at lower temperatures or higher pressures, when intermolecular forces and molecular size become important. At some point of low temperature and high pressure, real gases undergo a phase transition, such as to a liquid or a solidThe ideal gas model tends to fail at lower temperatures or higher pressures, when intermolecular forces and molecular size become important. At some point of low temperature and high pressure, real gases undergo a phase transition, such as to a liquid or a solid. The model of an ideal gas, however, does not describe or allow phase transitions. These must be modeled by more complex equations of state.
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Passive Construction Have something done
Passive Construction Have something done
Сравним русские предложения: Я подстригся перед зеркалом (сам, например, машинкой). – Я подстригся в парикмахерской (парикмахер подстриг меня). Он починил компьютер (самостоятельно). – Ему починили компьютер в мастерской (ему оказали услугу). Она сфотографировалась на телефон (сама себя сфотографировала). – Она сфотографировалась на фоне природы (фотограф сфотографировал её). Мы записали новый музыкальный альбом (своими силами). – Мы записали новый музыкальный альбом на студии звукозаписи (специалисты по звукозаписи нам его записали). В английском языке: Если лицо САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНО СОВЕРШАЕТ (СОВЕРШАЛО, СОВЕРШИЛО ИЛИ БУДЕТ СОВЕРШАТЬ) ДЕЙСТВИЕ, употребляется действительный залог. e.g. I REPAIRED my computer yesterday. – Я ПОЧИНИЛ компьютер вчера (своими силами!). Если лицу КТО-ТО ОКАЗЫВАЕТ УСЛУГУ И СОВЕРШАЕТ (СОВЕРШАЛ, СОВЕРШИЛ ИЛИ БУДЕТ СОВЕРШАТЬ) ДЕЙСТВИЕ ЗА НЕГО, употребляется особая страдательная конструкция «have something done». e.g. I HAD MY COMPUTER REPAIRED yesterday. – МНЕ ПОЧИНИЛИ КОМПЬЮТЕР вчера (в мастерской!).
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Harry Potter
Harry Potter
Harry Potter Harry James Potter is the title character is the title character and the primary protagonist is the title character and the primary protagonist of J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. The main story of the books covers seven years in the life of the orphan series. The main story of the books covers seven years in the life of the orphan who, on his eleventh birthday, learns he is a wizard series. The main story of the books covers seven years in the life of the orphan who, on his eleventh birthday, learns he is a wizard. He attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry series. The main story of the books covers seven years in the life of the orphan who, on his eleventh birthday, learns he is a wizard. He attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to learn magic under the guidance of the kind headmaster Albus Dumbledore series. The main story of the books covers seven years in the life of the orphan who, on his eleventh birthday, learns he is a wizard. He attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to learn magic under the guidance of the kind headmaster Albus Dumbledore. Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the wizarding world, and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort series. The main story of the books covers seven years in the life of the orphan who, on his eleventh birthday, learns he is a wizard. He attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to learn magic under the guidance of the kind headmaster Albus Dumbledore. Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the wizarding world, and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort, the universally feared Dark wizard who killed Harry's mother series. The main story of the books covers seven years in the life of the orphan who, on his eleventh birthday, learns he is a wizard. He attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to learn magic under the guidance of the kind headmaster Albus Dumbledore. Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the wizarding world, and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort, the universally feared Dark wizard who killed Harry's mother and father Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the fifth in the Harry Potter is the fifth in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling is the fifth in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling, and was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury is the fifth in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling, and was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic is the fifth in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling, and was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. Five million copies were sold in the first 24 hours after release. The novel features Harry Potter'sThe novel features Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and WizardryThe novel features Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of Harry's nemesis Lord VoldemortThe novel features Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of Harry's nemesis Lord Voldemort, O.W.L.The novel features Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of Harry's nemesis Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix has won several awards, including being named an American Library AssociationHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix has won several awards, including being named an American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults in 2003. The book has also been made into a filmHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix has won several awards, including being named an American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults in 2003. The book has also been made into a film, which was released in 2007, and into several video games by Electronic Arts.
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