Family

Rafa lives with your parents
Rafa lives with his parents
Younger sister- older /elder brother
He has got two brothers and one sister
Siblings
Have you got any siblings?
Do you have any siblings?
She lives with her parents and brother

Being a Family
- a family where the children live with only one parent: one-parent family, single-parent family
- a name given to all the members of a family: surname, family name
'What's your surname?' 'Jones.‘
the way a family lives: family life
How are you enjoying family life?
- all the people who live in one house: household
a large household
- anything connected with the private family home is domestic
domestic life
domestic violence

2. Being related
- a member of your family: relation, relative; adjective: related (to you); the way you are connected: relationship
We've got the relations coming over for the day. We've got the same name but we're not related.
'Is he related to you?' 'Yes he's my brother.'
'What's the relationship between Sue and Lucy?' 'They're cousins.‘
a person who is not a member of your family is unrelated, not related
- near in a family relationship (for example a cousin): close; opposite: distant
A close/distant relative of mine

3. Similarities between family members
- to look like or be like a parent or older member of your family: take after sb
You really take after your mother.
- something such as an illness or a quality which is passed from parents to children is hereditary
All the men in that family are bald - I suppose it's hereditary.
- something which is passed on from a parent to all their children and their children's children runs in the family
All her children are very artistic - it must run in the family.

4.Taking care of a family
- to look after children in a family until they are adults and to teach them how to behave: bring sb up, raise sb
Bringing up children is never easy. to raise a family
- the way sb is brought up: upbringing
to give a child a good upbringing
- a person who earns all or most of the money in a family: breadwinner
My father recently lost his job so my mother's the main breadwinner now.
- to have enough money to be able to look after a family: support a family
I need a job so I can support my family.

Family members
the family consisting just of parents and their children: (formal) nuclear family
the family including grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc: (formal) extended family
your closest relative, who should be told if you are injured or killed: next of kin

5. Parents
- a mother or father: parent (usually plural); adjective: parental
I'm going to meet her parents. parental love
the state of being a mother or a father: parenthood (noun U)
a parent who brings up a child on their own: single parent
names for a father: dad, daddy, (formal) father
the state of being a father: fatherhood (noun U), (formal) paternity (noun U)
- behaving like a father: fatherly, paternal
Fatherly concern. Paternal duties

- Names for a mother: mum (AmE mom), mummy, (formal) mother
Where does your mum work?
-The state of being a mother: motherhood (noun U)
Motherhood really suits her.
- Connected with women who are going to have or have just had a baby: maternity
a maternity dress. Maternity leave (= time off from work in order to have and care for a baby)
- Behaving like a mother: motherly, maternal
She's a motherly sort of person. maternal instincts-
a woman who is expecting a baby: expectant mother

6. Children
Molly and Bill have four children- Anna and Julia are their daughters, (informal) girls
The girls are cooking the supper tonight.
- Paul and Mark are their sons, (informal) boys
He's extremely proud of his boys.

Paul is older than Mark: Paul is Molly and Bill's older/elder son; Mark is their younger son
Anna is older than Julia: Anna is Molly and Bill's older/elder daughter; Julia is their younger daughter
Paul is older than Anna, Julia and Mark: he is Molly and Bill's oldest/eldest (child)
Mark is younger than Anna, Julia and Paul: he is their youngest (child)
Note: elder and eldest can only be used before the noun; they cannot be used with 'than’.

to take a child into your home and make him/her your son/daughter by law: adopt (sb); noun (C/U): adoption; an adoptive parent or family is one that has legally adopted a child
the child is adopted
to take a child who needs a home into your family and to care for him/her without becoming the legal parents: foster (sb)- the people who foster a child are called foster parents, foster mother, foster father
a child who has been fostered is a foster child (plural foster children)

if your father/mother marries again, your new parent is a stepmother/stepfather; you are their stepson/stepdaughter, stepchild (plural stepchildren)
a person who takes responsibility for a child in a church ceremony (a christening/baptism) : godfather/godmother, godparent; the child is their godson/goddaughter, godchild (plural godchildren)

7. Grandparents
- the parents of your parents: grandparents; female: grandmother, (informal) granny grandma; male: grandfather, (informal) granddad (also grandad) grandpa - the children of your children: grandchildren; female: granddaughter; male: grandson- the parents of your grandparents: great-grandparents; female: great-grandmother; male: great-grandfather

a person in your family who lived a long time before you, from whom you are descended: ancestor
My ancestors came from Scotland.
a person who is related to sb who lived a long time ago is that person's descendant
- a single stage in a family history: generation
The photograph shows three generations in our family - my grandparents, my parents, and me.

8. Brothers and sisters
Anna (see above) is Paul's sister; Paul is Anna's brother
Anna and Julia are sisters; Paul and Ken are brothers
- Paul is older than Anna: Paul is Anna's big brother, older/elder brother; Anna is Paul's little sister, younger sister- a brother/sister with whom you share one parent: half-brother/half-sister- if your mother or father marries again and your new parent has a child by a previous marriage, this child is your stepsister, stepbrother
This is Steve, my stepbrother.

- either of two children who have the same parents and are born at the same time: twin
They're twins. My twin sister
twins who look exactly the same are identical twins
- three children who have the same parents and are born at the same time: triplets
four children who have the same parents and are born at the same time: quads, also quadruplets.
five children: quintuplets, also quin

9. Extended family
the brother of your father or mother: uncle
the sister of your father or mother: aunt, (informal) auntie
a child of your uncle or aunt: cousin
the son of your brother or sister: nephew
the daughter of your brother or sister: niece
Note: the husband of your aunt is also called your uncle. The wife of your uncle is also called your aunt.

10. Husbands and wives
the person that a woman is married to: husband- the person that a man is married to: wife (plural wives)
the person that sb is married to (man or woman): (formal) spouse
two people who are married: (married) couple
- to live with a person as if you were married: live with sb
She's not married but she's living with somebody.
- the person that sb lives with, as if they were married: partner

the father/mother of your husband or wife is your father-in-law/mother-in-law (plural fathers-in-law/mothers-in-law)
- the parents of your husband or wife: parents-in-law, (informal) in-laws
She doesn't get on very well with her in-laws.
the wife of your son is your daughter-in-law; the husband of your daughter is your son-in-law
- the husband of your sister, or the brother of your husband or wife, is your brother-in-law; the wife of your brother, or the sister of your husband or wife, is your sister-in-law

11. Marry
- Be married (to sb) . If you have a husband or a wife, you are married (to sb)
She's married to a farmer.
- getting married- to take sb as your husband or wife: get married (to sb), marry (sb)
We've decided to get married next year. Will you marry me?. I don't think he'll ever marry.

- the state of being husband and wife: marriage (noun C/U), (formal) matrimony (noun U)
- connected with being married: marital
They're having marital problems. Pre-marital sex.
An extra-marital affair
- the state of being married; the time people spend together as a married couple: married life (noun U)
Married life seems to suit you!
I spent most of my married life in India.

a woman whose husband has died: widow
a man whose wife has died: widower
if you are not married, you are unmarried, single
- a man who is not married is sometimes called a bachelor

12. Before you get married
- to ask sb to marry you: propose (to sb); noun: proposal
He proposed to her and she accepted.
A proposal of marriage
- when people have agreed to get married, they are engaged
We're engaged to be married.
Mike and Jill are getting engaged.
- a man who is engaged to be married to sb is her fiancé; a woman who is engaged to be married to sb is his fiancée
I'd like you to meet my fiancée.

- when two people officially tell people that they are getting engaged, they announce their engagement
a ring which a man gives to a woman when they get engaged: engagement ring
Hen party (also hen night) a party for women only, especially one held for a woman who will soon get married: the hen.
Stag party (also stag party) (both BrE) (NAmE bachelor party) a party that a man (the stag) has with his male friends just before he gets married, often the night before.
A stag is a male deer. A female deer is a doe

13. When you get married
the ceremony at which a man and a woman become husband and wife: wedding
the woman who gets married at a wedding: bride
the man who gets married at a wedding: groom, bridegroom
the ring worn by a married person: wedding ring
the man who helps the groom at a wedding: best man
- a girl who stands behind the bride during a wedding: bridesmaid; a boy who does this: page (boy)

A person who is invited to a wedding: wedding guest
- The day when a man and woman get married is their wedding day
- a wedding in a church: church wedding
We want to have a church wedding.
the religious part of a wedding: (marriage/wedding) ceremony, (marriage) service.

- a party after a wedding ceremony: (wedding) reception
The wedding reception's being held in a hotel near the church.
- to talk in front of all the guests: make a speech; what is said: speech
The bride's father made a speech.
The best man's speech was very funny.

- to hold up your glass and wish success and happiness to sb, before you drink: toast sb, drink to sb/sth; noun: toast (drink/propose a toast)
Let us drink to their future happiness.
I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom
a cake made especially for a wedding: (wedding) cake
- the holiday that a man and woman take just after they have got married: honeymoon
Where did you go for your honeymoon?
They're on their honeymoon.

14. Problems in a marriage
- when a husband and wife decide not to live together because they have problems in their relationship, they break up, split up, (formal) separate; noun: separation; a husband and wife in this situation are separated
They aren't happy together so they've decided to separate.

- if a husband and wife do not live together, they live apart
We've been living apart for a few years now.
- to leave your husband or wife because you do not want to continue your relationship: leave sb, (informal) walk out (on sb)
I've had enough - I'm leaving you.
After years of ill-treatment she walked out on her husband.
- to leave a husband or wife to be with another person: leave sb for sb
She left her husband for another man.

- a sexual relationship between a married person and sb who is not their wife or husband: affair; sexual behaviour of this sort: (formal) adultery (noun U), (formal) infidelity (noun U)
She doesn't know it but her husband's having an affair. To commit adultery
- the person who has an affair is unfaithful (to sb); opposite: faithful (to sb)
She was never unfaithful to him

Marriages which end by law
- the end of a marriage by law: divorce (noun C/U)
I want a divorce.
The high rate of divorce in some countries
- to go through the process of divorce: get a divorce, get divorced, divorce (sb)
We've been separated for four years so we've decided to get a divorce.
Do you think they'll divorce?
- a person who has divorced is divorced, (usually used about a woman) a divorcee
I think she's divorced. To marry a divorcee