General principles of translation

Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects
Linguistic aspects
Extralinguistic aspects
Grammatical expression
Lexical expression
History
National way of thinking
Habits and traditions

The actor, Gilbert Caster, who had been “out” for six months, emerged from his east-coast seaside lodging about noon in the day, after the opening of “Shooting the Rapids”, on tour, in which he was playing Dr. Dominic in the last act.
(J. Galsworthy)
Linguistic aspect

“What will you have?” he asked me. I looked at him doubtfully. Prohibition was in force and to all appearance the ship was bone-dry.
(W.S. Maugham)
Extralinguistic aspect

Nation different experiences
Try to translate
* Петровка,38 (title of the film) *
*
NO “literal” translation
NO “word-for-word” translation
NO