Labor market, definition of human

Types of unemployment
Natural
Forced
Frictional
Voluntary
Institutional
Structural
Technological
Regional
Hidden
1

Human resources – it is capable of working part of
population, which by its physical and intellectual
capabilities can perform working activity
Personnel (staff) of enterprise – it is set of constant
workers which have received necessary professional
training and have practical experience
Categories of the staff of the enterprise:
Managers; Specialists;
Office staff; Workers

PERSONELL
INDUSTRIAL
NON-INDUSTRIAL
WORKERS
OFFICE
STAFF
SECURITY
BASIC
AUXILIARY
MANAGERS,
SPECIALISTS,
TECHNICAL
EXECUTIVES

Classification of personnel
According to the character of
participating in the enterprise activity
industrial
Non-industrial
2. According to the functions
Workers, office staff,
managers, specialists,
3. According to the professions and specialization

Trade - the kind of activity demanding certain
knowledge and labor skills which are got by the general
or the professional education and practical experience
Speciality - a kind of activity within the limits of
particular trade which has specific features and
demands from workers of additional special
knowledge and skills.

4. According to
qualification
Workers:
Highly qualified
Qualified
Low qualified
Non qualified
Office workers:
The highest category
Upper intermediate
Intermediate
Practical
Qualification defines level of knowledge and labor
skills of the worker on a speciality which is displayed
in qualifying (tariff) categories and categories.

5. According to
age and sex
Man
(up to 30 years; from 30 to 60; more than 60)
Woman
(up to 30 years; from 30 to 60; more than 60)
6. According to
years of work on
the enterprise
Up to 1 year
1-3 years
3-10 years
More than 10 years

2

Selection of staff
Interview
Testing
Training centers

Measures on selecting of human resources:
1. To find out, what categories of labor force must be picked up
2. Making a decision about forming necessary personnel
3. Selection of personnel

Functions of employment
1. Informational
2. Motivational
3. First-stage selection

Methods of employment
Passive
Active
Non-direct forms
Direct forms

Indexes of description of personnel
1. By number:
- registration; on call;
average quantity
2. By Quality:
economic; personality;
organizationally technical
3. Structural

Fund of human resources
Fhr =Qav х Тwp
Qav – average number of employees
Twp – average duration of working period

Indexes of presence of labour force and its motion
Coefficient of necessary turn
Fnt – fired on production reasons
F- all fired personnel

Coefficient of surplus turn, or coefficient of personnel fluidity

Coefficient of personnel leaving

Coefficient of personnel employed

Level of usage
of working day
Тf– average actual duration of working day in hours;
Тn – normative duration of working day in hours

Calculation of the necessary quantity of workers
t – time of production
Twp – normative time for work performance
Kcn – coefficient for completing the planned parameters

Norms of work:
1.Norm of time
Nt = Tos +Tdop+Tob+Tv
2. A norm of production:
Np = Td/Nt
3. Norm of service
Nob = Td/Tob

Methods of measurement
direct
reverse
productivity of work (В) =
Volume of products
Quantity of workers
Labor intensiveness (Тр)=
Quantity of workers
Volume of products
3

Methods of measurement of work productivity
Natural method
Cost method
Work method

individual index of the productivity

Index of the productivity of seasonal staff

Calculation of economy of human resources
under influence of technical and economical factors
1
Increase of technical level of production
t1 t2 – Labour intensiveness of one unit production
before and after implementing of technical improvements
Nпл – planned volume of production
Кч – coefficient of time, that is calculated by division of
quantity of month of work on 12

2
Structural changes in production
Тб Тпл - labor intensiveness in finished product
3
Improvement of management in the
organization of production and work
ΣЧС - total quantity of managers, specialists, office workers

4
Improvement of work time usage
Д – average number of days worked by 1 employee
ЧПВП – number of industrial personnel, corrected on the
influence of structure changes factors
Проб – percent of employee in basic
number of industrial personnel

5
Change of production volume
Чб.ум-пост – basic number of conditionally-constant industrial personnel
ΔQ – gain of production volumes, %
Чум-пост – gain of number of conditionally-
constant industrial personnel, %
Relative decrease of workers number
altogether with increase of production volume

7
Branch factors
Relative economy of labor on this group of factors
tб, tпл – labor input of unit of production in basic and
planned production conditions, norm hours;
Nпл – planned volume of production, natural items
Фпл – planned fund of working time of one employee, hours

6
Average number of personnel
Calculated as:
P1..12 – month number of employees

8
Gain of work productivity
Чвих – number of industrial personnel in
planned period, persons
Ко – rate of growth of production volumes
in planned period, %
Еобщ – total economy on number of personnel

9
Change of labor productivity as result
of change in the labour intensiveness
of production program
ΔПп – possible increase or decrease of labor productivity in basic period, %
ΔТпргр – percent of increase or decrease of labor intensiveness
of production program in basic period
Ероб.час – economy on working time expenditures on execution of production program in basic period, norm hours.
Тпрогр.б – labour intensiveness of production program in basic period, norm hours.

10
Production gain on increase
of work productivity
ΔЧ – gain of personnel number, %
ΔQ – gain of production volume, %

4
Wages are a size of the monetary
compensation paid to the hired worker for
performance of the certain task, amount of
works or execution of the official duties
during appointed time

Types of wages
Nominal
Real
Ірзп = Інзп/Іц
Ірзп – index of real wage
Інзп – index of nominal wage
Іц – price index

Functions of wage
Restoration
Stimulation
Regulation
Social

FORM OF WAGES
HOURLY PAYMENT
PRICE-WORK PAYMENT

HOURLY WAGE
Simple time wage
Зп.п = Фм*С
Фм – quantity of fulfilled time
С – tariff rate of the worker , hrn
Time and premium wage
Зп.прем = Зпп+P
P - premium

Per item payment
direct
Зd =
Рі = Тшт*С
Pi =
Рi – price-work price for production of one item
N – quantity of actually produced items by one
employee
Тшт – time of production of one item
C – cost of time according to tariff
Hв – norm of production

Time and premium per item payment
Зtp = Зtar+P
Зtar – payment by tariff of employee within direct
price-work system

Progressive system:
payment for work is within the norm paid for the
basic price-work quotations,
and its excess - on raised.
Зс.прог = Nвих * РД + (Nф - Nвих) * Рпов
Nвих – number of produced items within set norm of production
РД - basic tariff
Nф - number of actually produced items
Рпов – raised tariff for excess volume of production

Indirect per item payment:
is applied as payment for the auxiliary workers serving the basic workers. Size of wage of this workers depends on rate and productivity of the basic workers.
Зпод = (Nфі * Рсі)/ n
Рсі =
Рсі – indirect price-work payment
n – number of workers in basic production,
served by auxiliary worker
Nпп – volume of production, produced by
basic workers
Ссм – shift tariff of auxiliary worker