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Lecture plan The concept of social development. “Das Kapital” (“The Capital”) of Karl Marx: the structure and content. The theory of surplus-value. The secret of capitalist exploitation. The schemes of simple and extended reproduction. The problems of social justice and equality. Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818–March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist and revolutionary credited as the founder of communism. Marx summarized his approach to history and politics in the opening line of the first chapter of The Communist Manifesto (1848): “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”. And the class struggle in accordance with Marx is the driving force of the world history. 1. The concept of social development

Plan Locke and Hume on Property and Money Adam Smith and his “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” John Locke (1632 – 1704) In his essay “On Civil Government” (1690) he tried to justify the institutions of property in terms of labor. God gave the earth to all mankind, that’s why how then shall we justify people owing little bits of it? The only justification of having property is that it comes from your labor and civil society was created for the protection of property.

NINETEENTH CENTURY CLASSICISM Malthus on Population “An Essay on the Principle of Population” David Ricardo “On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation” John Stuart Mill “The Principles of Political Economy: with some of their applications to social philosophy” MARXIAN ECONOMICS Karl Marx “The Capital” THE MARGINAL REVOLUTION Walras – Pareto Marshall “The Principles of Economics” THE KEYNESIAN SYSTEM John Maynard Keynes “The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money” ECONOMICS SINCE KEYNES Monetarism Milton Friedman “A Monetary History of the United States 1867-1960” (1963) Is it still worth studying the history of economic thought? (Some post-course final reflections) READING LIST Mark Blaug “Economic Theory in Retrospect” Robert Heilbroner “The Worldly Philosophers” Lord Robbins “History of Economic Thought” Joseph A. Schumpeter “History of Economic Analysis” Andrey Anikin “The Youth of Science” After the course students are required to pass the test.

ТЕМА 2. История возникновения и развития рекламы Зарождение рекламы в Древнем Мире 2. Реклама в Средние века 3. Западноевропейская и Американская реклама Нового времени 4. Дореволюционная отечественная реклама 5. Реклама Советского периода 6. Реклама в современной России 1. Зарождение рекламы в Древнем Мире Протореклама – зачаточные формы рекламы, содержащие элементы стимулирования, убеждения (как правило, в устной форме). Реклама (франц. reclame , от лат. reclamare - выкрикивать) - разнообразные мероприятия, имеющие целью оповещение о чем-либо.

The first cinema show The history of cinema begins in the 19th century. The first inventors of cinema were Frenchmen, the brothers Louis and Auguste Lumiere. The first cinema show was on December 28, 1895.In his sessions Lumiere showed a few short (only 50 sec.) rolls first of which was "way out workers the factory". But the most popular of these commercials was spot called "Arrival of a Train" The first long film In 1910, 70% of films are still made in France. But, other countries, first of all, USA, UK, Germany, are also beginning to made cinema. At the beginning of the century the typical duration of the film was 15 minutes, by 1910 there is a lot of films with a duration about an hour, and in 1915, American Griffith film "Birth of a Nation" (on U.S. Civil War), the duration - for as much as 3 hours.

Art periods: Prehistoric art Paleolithic art Neolithic Metal Age Ancient art Medieval art Renaissance Baroque Neoclassicism Romanticism Realism (arts) Modern art Contemporary art Prehistoric art During the Paleolithic man practiced hunting and lived in caves, where cave painting was developed. After a transitional period becoming increasingly complex and religion gaining importance, the production of handicrafts commenced. Finally, in the Bronze Age (c. 3000-1000 BC), the first protohistoric civilizations arise.

ЧТО ТАКОЕ СИСТЕМАТИКА? Научная дисциплина, в задачи которой входит разработка принципов классификации живых организмов и практическое приложение этих принципов к построению системы Систематика находится в центре всех биологических дисциплин и стремится к построению Естественной Системы Эта Система лежит в основе всех биологических явлений, но до конца не познаваема ЧТО ТАКОЕ СИСТЕМАТИКА? Систематика - это еще и ремесло...

Began 6400 years ago God’s creation Biblical writings Historical writings Responsibility of stewardship for health of animals and land Stewardship of protection of human health

Литература к курсу Баскин Ю.Я., Фельдман Д.И. История международного права. М.,1990. Буткевич О.В. Історія міжнародного права. К., 2013. Левин Д.Б. История международного права. М.,1962. История международного права / авт. кол. : под ред. А.И.Дмитриева, У.Э.Батлера. – Одеса: Феныкс, 2013. Кожевников Ф.И. Советское государство и международное право. М.,1948. Мережко А. А. История международно-правовых учений. – К. : Таксон, 2006. История дипломатии в 3-х тт. Литература к курсу Курс международного права. В 7-и тт. Т.1. М.,1989 или более позднее издание. История международных отношений и внешней политики СССР. В 34-х тт. М.,1987. Грабарь В.Э. Материалы к истории литературы международного права в России (1647-1917 гг.). М.,1958. Коровин Е.А. История международного права. М.,1946. История международных отношений в Новое время. М., 2004. Эннио Ди Нольфо. История международных отношений. 1918-1999. В 2-х тт. М.,2003.

Chaucer (1340 – 1400? wrote the Canterbury Tales towards the end of his life, the work is unfinished Canterbury Cathedral today

Ohtere sæde his hlaforde, Ælfrede cyninge, þæt he ealra Norðmonna norþmest bude. He cwæþ þæt he bude on þæm lande norþweardum wiþ þa Westsæ. He sæde þeah þæt þæt land sie swiþe lang norþ þonan; He said, however, that the land is [i.e. extends] very long to the north from there. Ac hit is eal weste, buton on feawum stowum styccemælum wiciaþ Finnas, on huntoþe on wintra, and on sumera on fiscaþe be þære sæ. Ohtere sæde his hlaforde, Ælfrede cyninge, þæt he ealra Norðmonna norþmest bude. He cwæþ þæt he bude on þæm lande norþweardum wiþ þa Westsæ. He sæde þeah þæt þæt land sie swiþe lang norþ þonan; He said, however, that the land is [i.e. extends] very long to the north from there. Ac hit is eal weste, buton on feawum stowum styccemælum wiciaþ Finnas, on huntoþe on wintra, and on sumera on fiscaþe be þære sæ. Ohthere saede his hlaforde – Ohthere (Ottar) said to his lord (“lord” is here used to convey respect to his host, Ohthere – a Nordic tradesman – was not King Alfred’s subject)

As in Part 4 (Beowulf), WORDS IN CAPITAL LETTERS denote Modern English descendants of Old English words. Cadmon’s hymn is the first datable religious Christian poem in Old English. While “Beowulf” contains references to the Bible, it is still essentially a pagan epic. Cadmon, however, had a vision in a dream in which an angel beckoned him to create a song about the creation of the world. He had been unable to sing at all before, but he did create the song in the dream, remembered it after he had woken up and became a devout Christian as a result. He was taken to Abbess Hilda (a remarkable woman in the Old English period) in the Abbey of Whitby, it was decided that his vision had indeed been from God (and not Satan), he remained in the monastery and continued creating songs/poems in the Anglo-Saxon poetic form but on Christian themes. He himself was illiterate so the themes had to be narrated to him by the monks who also wrote down the songs/poems he created. All the above information comes from Venerable Bede’s “Historia ecclesiastica gentis anglorum” (“The Ecclesiastical History of the English people”), a manuscript of which also has the poem attached to it. Originally, the poem was written in the Northumbrian dialect, our version is West Saxon.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LP2FyVbymTg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4L7VTH8ii_8

‘Fyrst ‘forth gewat ‘flota waes on ‘ythum ‘Bat under ‘beorge. ‘Beornas ge’arwe On ‘stefn ‘stigon. ‘Streamas ‘wundon, ‘sund with ‘sande. ‘Secgas ‘baeron On ‘bearm ‘nacan ‘beorhte ‘fraetwe, ‘Guth-searo ge’atolic. ‘Guman ‘ut scufon, ‘Weras on ‘wilsith ‘wudu ‘bundenne. Ge’wat tha ofer ‘waeg-holm ‘winde ge’fysed ‘Flota ‘fami-heals ‘fugle ‘gelicost. English is a stress-rhythm language In speaking English, we place stresses at equal time intervals, or, in other words, the stresses are evenly spaced. When there are more unstressed syllables, we pronounce them faster, when there are fewer unstressed syllables, we pronounce them slower – the important thing is that the interval between two stressed syllables should be equal.

Why study history of a language? To see how and why languages in general change To be able to account for “irregularities” in language in its current state (Present-Day English, spelling in particular!, also forms like “children”, why is r pronounced as /a:/?) To notice how a language keeps changing Causes for language change Language-internal Language-external

How do we know how Old English was pronounced? Obviously there are no recordings. Largely guesswork but not totally. Grounds for reconstruction of Old English/Anglo-Saxon pronunciation: 1) As all new written languages, Old English had predominantly phonetic spelling; 2) Comparison with cognate langugages (German, Scandinavian languages); 3) Comparison with Modern English (changes not arbitrary but follow sound laws; without a sound law there is no reason to believe the pronunciation has changed).

History of England: Romans to Normans Before the Romans, England had a Celtic culture. The Celts controlled much of central Europe before the Romans. Because the Celts controlled Britain, which was on the edge of the Roman Republic, they had long enjoyed trading links with the Romans. Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic attempted to invade twice in 55 BC; both were largely unsuccessful. The Romans invaded Britain again in AD 43 during the reign of Emperor Claudius, subsequently conquering much of Britain, and the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as Britannia province. Map of Celts in Europe Yellow- earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic Light Green is maximum extent of Celtic expansion 275 B.C. Medium Green is where there were significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the Early Modern period. Dark Green is areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today.

Lecture Plan Jean-Batiste Say (1767-1832): “The Treatise on Political Economy” Thomas Robert Malthus (“The Essay on Population”) Socialist economic theories: Sismondi, Fourier, Saint-Simon, Owen. 1. Jean-Batiste Say (1767-1832): “The Treatise on Political Economy” J.-B. Say on the structure of the Economics and its subject-matter National economy includes three spheres: production, distribution and consumption; Economics (as the science that deals with the economy)analyses the economic laws that operate in these three respective spheres: production, distribution and consumption

Lecture Plan I. Ricardo`s System General characteristics of Ricardo`s role in Economics The Theory of Value and Distribution The Theory of Rent The Theory of Comparative Costs (Advantages) in International Trade The final conclusions on Ricardo`s System Lecture Plan II. John Stuart Mill and his ‘Principles of Political Economy’ The Laws of Production and Distribution The Problem of Demand and Supply J. S. Mill`s Vision of the Organisation of Industry

Vocabulary: Vast Wilderness Land bridge Descendant Ancestor Navigator Fishing grounds Exploration To set up To settle To develop Hard-working To turn in Wheat Oats Barley Lack To favour Canada’s history is an exciting story of development of a vast wilderness into a great nation. Most experts believe that the first people who lived on this land came from Asia about 15000 years ago.

Домеханический период Механический период Электромеханический период Электронный период Периоды и поколения эволюции цифровой вычислительной техники I поколение II поколение III поколение IV поколение Эпоха глобальных сетей Эпоха персональных компьютеров Домеханический этап развития средств обработки численной информации (инструментальный счет) Элементная база – простейшие механические приспособления. На этом этапе вся программа расчета выполнялась человеком. Эти средства помогали вычислять и запоминать информацию – т.е. были одновременно тем, что мы называем сейчас арифметическим устройством и памятью машины. 30000 тыс. до н.э. – наши дни

Winter Olympic games, despite the immense popularity that they had conquered in the world, do not have such a long history as the Games of the Olympiad. For the first time competitions in figure skating was included in the programme of the Games of the IV Olympiad, held in London in 1908. Place concurrently with the competition for summer sports.