Содержание
- 2. В начале семнадцатого столетия калмыки, пасторальные кочевники монгольского запаса, начали мигрировать в больших числах в земли
- 3. A man who impacted the history
- 4. Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of the XIX centuries). The economic
- 5. Экономический баланс степи был быстро расстроен; количество автоприцепов, пересекающих казахскую степь, было резко сокращено. В последней
- 6. Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half XIX centuries). During this same period,
- 7. Во время этого того же самого периода, последнее XVII и рано XVIII столетий, расширялась российская экономика.
- 8. Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of the XIX centuries). The Kazakhs,
- 9. Казахи, особенно те из Маленькой Орды, стали зависящими от российской доброжелательности для использования пастбищ вдоль рек
- 10. Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of XIX centuries). On September 8,1730,
- 11. На сентябре 8,1730, Абу'л Хэр, хан Маленькой Орды, послал письмо императрице Анне Иоанновне, просящей стать ее
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Слайд 2В начале семнадцатого столетия калмыки, пасторальные кочевники монгольского запаса, начали мигрировать в
В начале семнадцатого столетия калмыки, пасторальные кочевники монгольского запаса, начали мигрировать в
Слайд 3A man who impacted the history
A man who impacted the history
Слайд 4Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of the
Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of the
The economic balance of the steppe was quickly upset; the number of caravans crossing the Kazakh steppe was sharply reduced. In the last quarter of the XVI IXVIII century the already difficult conditions of trade worsened to near impossibility when the rivalry between Kazakhs and Jungars for control of the steppe pastures intensified
Слайд 5Экономический баланс степи был быстро расстроен; количество автоприцепов, пересекающих казахскую степь, было
Экономический баланс степи был быстро расстроен; количество автоприцепов, пересекающих казахскую степь, было
Слайд 6Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half XIX centuries).
During
Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half XIX centuries).
During
Слайд 7Во время этого того же самого периода, последнее XVII и рано XVIII
Во время этого того же самого периода, последнее XVII и рано XVIII
Слайд 8Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of the
Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of the
The Kazakhs, particularly those of the Small Horde, became dependent upon Russian goodwill for the use of pasturelands along the Emba and Ural rivers. Abu'l Khayr believed that only with the support of Russia could the Kazakhs avoid losing the entire steppe to the Kalmyks. When in 1726 he failed to receive the governor of Astrakhan's permission to migrate within his territory, Abu'l Khayr sent an emissary to St. Petersburg asking permission for the Small Horde to migrate in the Ural region on territory controlled by both the Yaitskii cossacks and the Bashkirs. He offered in return to protect Russian interests in the territory of the Small Horde.
Слайд 9Казахи, особенно те из Маленькой Орды, стали зависящими от российской доброжелательности для
Казахи, особенно те из Маленькой Орды, стали зависящими от российской доброжелательности для
Слайд 10 Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of
Kazakhstan in the first third of XVIII- the second half of
On September 8,1730, Abu'l Khayr, khan of the Small Horde, sent a letter to Empress Anna Ioannovna requesting to become her subject by asking for citizenship (poddanstvo). The letter, sent without the knowledge or support of the Kazakh people or the other leading sultans, was from one ruler to another, stating Abu'l Khayr's willingness to swear fealty to Anna Ioannovna, he sent it on to St. Petersburg where it was debated by the College of Foreign Affairs.
In early 1731, Anna Ioannovna offered Abu'l Khayr the same terms of citizenship that had previously been accepted by the Bashkir and Volga Kalmyks, who had pledged themselves to serve the empress, accepted that Russia was to specify their hunting grounds, and promised to provide safe passage for Russian caravans and merchants.
This sworn offer, dated March 26, 1731, was brought to Abu'l Khayr by Aleksander Ivanovich Tevkelev (Mirza Kutlu Muhammad, a Muslim who served as Tatar translator for the College of Foreign Affairs). The accepting oath was sworn by Abu'l Khayr, his sons (Nur Ali and Er Ali) and his deputies, on October 10, 1731.
Слайд 11На сентябре 8,1730, Абу'л Хэр, хан Маленькой Орды, послал письмо императрице Анне
На сентябре 8,1730, Абу'л Хэр, хан Маленькой Орды, послал письмо императрице Анне