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«Проблема артериальной гипертензии не так проста, как мы думали, но мы не знаем, сколь много мы не знаем» В. Folkow, 1984 Эссенциальная артериальная гипертензия (АГ) – это стойкое хроническое повышение систолического > 140 мм рт.ст. и/или диастолического > 90 мм рт.ст. артериального давления, не связанное с какой-либо известной причиной Повышение АД на 6 мм рт.ст. увеличивает риск возникновения: -мозгового инсульта - на 60% -инфаркта миокарда – на 20% E.Braunwald, 1996   ПАРАДОКСЫ АГ ∙        Легкая для диагностики – часто не выявляется ∙        Простая для лечения – часто не лечится ∙        Много препаратов – АГ не контролируется у 73-96% пациентов.  

The climate of the United Kingdom is classified as a mid-latitude oceanic climate - warm summers - cool winters - plentiful precipitation (=осадки) However some parts of East & South-East England actually have a semi-arid climate (=полузасушливый климат) The Country's Climate Northerly Latitude (=северная широта) Close Proximity (=близость) to the Atlantic Ocean Warming of the Surrounding Waters by the Gulf Stream

Match words and pictures: Speak Repeat Listen Look Choose Read Match Complete Write

Comparison Russain – 33 letters – 46 sounds English – 26 letters – 44 sounds

Characteristics A less complicated texture than had been evident in Baroque times (less Polyphonic) More use of expression through Dynamics. Greater Dynamic contrast were evident An elegant character Clear use of phrasing Clear use of cadences Changing themes and emotions within one piece of music Harmony changes were slower, less frequent unlike Baroque music which often changed chords 2 or 3 times per bar The replacement of the Harpsichord with the Piano Less use of Continuo The use of Alberti Bass in Piano music Mozart Symphony No 40 Listen carefully to the opening movement of this work and try to answer the following questions. Is the piece in a major or minor key? Which family of instruments play the opening theme? What playing technique are the strings using?

Key terms Market equilibrium Price mechanism Market clearing price Shortage, excess demand Surplus, excess supply Equilibrium price and output Combines analysis of demand and supply Market clearing – when supply matches demand Equilibrium is the point where conflicting interests are balanced Price is determined by the INTERACTION BETWEEN demand and supply in a competitive market

Lecture 8 Trade Theories: Mercantilism Absolute Advantage Comparative Advantage Factor proportion Trade International Product Cycle New Trade Theory National Competitive Advantage What Is New Trade Theory? In an effort to resolve some of the shortcomings of other theories, researchers in the 1970s began to search for other explanations of trade. New trade theory suggests that the ability of firms to gain economies of scale (unit cost reductions associated with a large scale of output) can have important implications for international trade

International Trade Theory What is international trade? Exchange of raw materials and manufactured goods (and services) across national borders Classical trade theories: explain national economy conditions--country advantages--that enable such exchange to happen New trade theories: explain links among natural country advantages, government action, and industry characteristics that enable such exchange to happen Implications for International Business Classical Trade Theories Mercantilism (pre-16th century) Takes an us-versus-them view of trade Other country’s gain is our country’s loss Free Trade theories Absolute Advantage (Adam Smith, 1776) Comparative Advantage (David Ricardo, 1817) Specialization of production and free flow of goods benefit all trading partners’ economies Free Trade refined Factor-proportions (Heckscher-Ohlin, 1919) International product life cycle (Ray Vernon, 1966)

Lecture 3 Evolution of Trade Theories Mercantilism Absolute Advantage Comparative Advantage Factor proportion Trade International Product Cycle New Trade Theory National Competitive Advantage Lecture 3 “If a foreign country can supply us with a commodity cheaper than we ourselves can make it, better buy it of them with some part of the product of our own industry, employed in a way in which we have some advantage” Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith

Lecture 2 Evolution of Trade Theories Mercantilism Absolute Advantage Comparative Advantage Factor proportion Trade International Product Cycle New Trade Theory National Competitive Advantage Lecture 2 Outline Introduction to Mercantilism Historical Background of Mercantilism Main Points Mercantilist Thinkers Conclusion

Lecture 6 Evolution of Trade Theories Mercantilism Absolute Advantage Comparative Advantage Factor proportion Trade International Product Cycle New Trade Theory National Competitive Advantage Lecture 6 The product life-cycle theory is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon (1966) in response to the failure of the Heckscher-Ohlin model to explain the observed pattern of international trade. 

Lecture 5 Evolution of Trade Theories Mercantilism Absolute Advantage Comparative Advantage Factor proportion Trade International Product Cycle New Trade Theory National Competitive Advantage Factor proportions theory Heckscher (1919) - Olin (1933) Theory Export goods that intensively use factor endowments which are locally abundant Corollary: import goods made from locally scarce factors Note: Factor endowments can be impacted by government policy - minimum wage Patterns of trade are determined by differences in factor endowments - not productivity Remember, focus on relative advantage, not absolute advantage

Lecture 4 Evolution of Trade Theories Mercantilism Absolute Advantage Comparative Advantage Factor proportion Trade International Product Cycle New Trade Theory National Competitive Advantage Comparative Advantage In economics, the law of comparative advantage refers to the ability of a person or a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal refers to the ability of a person or a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal and opportunity cost refers to the ability of a person or a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal and opportunity cost over another. Even if one country is more efficient in the production of all goods (absolute advantage in all goods) than the other, both countries will still gain by trading with each other, as long as they have different relative efficiencies. Opportunity cost is the cost of any activity measured in terms of the value of the next best alternative forgone (that is not chosen). It is the sacrifice related to the second best choice available to someone, or group, who has picked among several mutually exclusive choices

Claim Letters Any claim letter should: present the facts; express the customer’s dissatisfaction; call for the action or compensation from the company. Claim Letters The most common causes for claims are: an incorrect bill, invoice, or statement; a bill for merchandise ordered but never received; delivery of unordered merchandise; delivery of incorrect merchandise; delivery of damaged or defective merchandise;

Civil Disobedience Refusal to obey a law on the grounds that it is immoral or unjust in itself, or furthers injustice. Disobedience within a framework of obedience to law. Appeals to the majority’s sense of justice, in order to get them to reconsider and change public policy. Goal: to put the issue on the public’s agenda, to call attention to an unjust law. Disobedience must be open and public. Roots of the Idea Henry David Thoreau Jailed in the 1840s for refusing to pay a poll tax. The tax supported the war with Mexico and the extension of slavery, which he strongly opposed. Thoreau did pay his other taxes. Coined the term “civil disobedience” in the title of his essay arguing in favor of non-violent opposition to slavery.

What did Politics provide? The justification for the incremental way Merit would be introduced, but slowly Politics and merit became legally, institutionally, and inextricably entwined Why could the civil service system grow? The relationship between the civil service and elected officials was not a partnership, but an association filled with wary antagonism. The 'merit' system has become a frequent target of political criticism. The role of the civil service and its power in government have grown larger. The role of the civil service and the characteristics and skills of its personnel had to change to meet new demands.

Some Russians refused to support either the REDS or the WHITES In the Ukraine, the courageous peasant leader, Nestor Makhno fought against the REDS and the WHITES. He wanted the peasants to be able to run their own lives. Eventually he had to flee overseas and went to live in France. www.anarchy movement.co In charge of the Red Army In charge of the White Army Leon Trotsky Admiral Kolchak General Yudenitch General Deniken

Were the anti-war protests of the 60’s and 70’s effective in convincing the American public that the war in Vietnam should be abandoned? Background

The Civil Rights Movement: Contents Key Concept Harlem Renaissance Segregation School Desegregation The Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit-Ins Freedom Riders Desegregating Southern Universities The March on Washington Voter Registration The End of the Movement Click on “Contents” on other pages to return to this page. Key Concept: Discuss how the civil rights movement evolved during the 1950s and 1960s and explain each of the three developments. For African Americans, the path from slavery to full civil rights was long and difficult. Several developments during the 1950s and 1960s legally guaranteed them full citizenship: Contents

INTENTIONAL TORTS Common torts against the physical person: Assault – is an intentional act by one person which causes another person to be in immediate apprehension for his/her safety. Apprehension doe not necessarily mean fear. Battery – is an intentional contact or touching of another person without that person’s permission and without legal justification.. The contact or touching must cause injury. INTENTIONAL TORTS 3. Technical battery occurs when the person gives consent to physical contact of one sort and then a different kind of contact occurs or the terms of the consent are exceeded. 4. Intentional infliction of mental distress may be defined as an act or the use of words by a person with the intent of causing another person to experience anxiety, fright, terror, or some other form of emotional and mental distress.

PLAN 1.Introduction 2.Main Body 2.1 City a) advantages b) disadvantages 2.2 Country a) advantages b) disadvantages 3.Counclusion The essence of this presentation is to figure out where to live better: in the city or in the country. I will give the advantages and disadvantages of living in these areas, but the choice will be yours…

Fluxus (proud, tok, rozteklý, rozplynulý) Mezinárodní hnutí avantgardních umělců, tvořících na pomezí různých médií. Veřejné „koncerty“, festivaly, performance, korespondenční umění, konkrétní poezie, akce postavené na každodenních prožitcích aktérů. Fluxus Mezinárodní hnutí výtvarníků, skladatelů a designéru Vzniká začátkem šedesátých let v New Yourku - George Maciunas (hlavní manager) Setkání Maciunase s Yoko Ono a Le Monte Youngem a dalšími z „okruhu“ Johna Cage – AG Galery V roce 1962 se přesouvá do Evropy Maciunas se stěhuje do Wiesbadenu jako designér Americké armády, zde prezentuje díla své koncepci blízkých tvůrců A brzy též do Japonska Zde dopadá na úrodnou půdu – skupina Gutai (1956)

Внебюджетный фонд Это совокупность финансовых средств, которые находятся в распоряжении центральных и местных органов власти имеют целевое назначение. Это форма образования и расходования денежных средств вне системы бюджетов государства для защиты национальных интересов отдельных групп населения и решения конкретных задач экономического характера. Внебюджетной фонды представляют собой механизм перераспределения национального дохода с целью защиты интересов отдельных социальных групп населения, решения конкретных задач экономического характера. Внебюджетные фонды выступают как совокупность финансовых средств целевого назначения, находящихся в руках органов власти. Формы внебюджетных фондов РФ

Что такое целлюлит? Целлюлит - это своеобразная косметическая особенность кожи, обусловленная ослаблением ее тонуса, застойными явлениями в циркуляции крови и неравномерным отложением подкожного жира, содержанием воды в подкожной жировой клетчатке. "Апельсиновая корка", "галифе", "подушечки", "вафлеобразная", "холмистая", "бугристая", в "ямочках" кожа - вот какие определения дали этому несимпатичному явлению. Целлюлиту подвержены только определенные места: бедра и ягодицы, живот и верхняя часть рук. У мужчин целлюлита не бывает, даже у полных и рыхлых. Ученые полагают, что целлюлит обусловлен своеобразной реакцией жировой ткани на женские половые гормоны - эстрогены. У мужчин концентрация эти веществ в крови крайне мала. Среди женщин целлюлит встречается в 80-95% случаев. Особое строение кожи у женщин и ее повышенная растяжимость, предназначенная природой для вынашивания ребенка, делает женскую кожу уязвимой. Ведь не зря целлюлит выбирает репродуктивно значимые зоны - живот, бедра, ягодицы.