Applications of raman luminescence spectroscopy in tumor diagnosis

The basic principle

Raman shift
The Raman shift is associated with two different energy bands

instrumentation
The typical Raman spectrophotometer setup is shown.

The different spectrum lines shows the difference between healthy and tumor cells

Oral cancer detection

Oral cancer detection

Margin analysis during breast cancer lumpectomy

In conclusion,
This technique probes molecular vibrations/rotations associated with chemical bonds in a sample to obtain information on molecular structure, composition, and intermolecular interactions.
since each sample has a unique composition, the spectroscopic profile arising from Raman-active functional groups of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates allows for the evaluation, characterization, and discrimination of tissue type.
Owing to its high chemical specificity and non invasive detection capability, it is widely employed in cancer screening, diagnosis, and intraoperative surgical guidance.
The raman techniques could be used on intraoperatively as well as on accessible tissue surface and many different modes of the technique are being developed to increase its scope as diagnostic tool of cancer.
Therefore, Raman spectroscopy is a promising investigative and diagnostic tool that can assist in uncovering the molecular basis of disease and provide objective, quantifiable molecular information for diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

references
Slide 1-9 -https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6066646/
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Book%3A_Molecular_and_Atomic_Spectroscopy_(Wenzel)/5%3A_Raman_Spectroscopy
https://www.jasco-global.com/principle/principles-of-raman-spectroscopy-4-history-of-raman-spectroscopy/
Slide 10,11 - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/9/1313/htm
Slide12,13,14 - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51112-0
Additional-https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14737159.2020.1724092
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30569241/