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1.7.1. BIOS BIOS stands for Basic Input and Output System. It is sometimes called ROM BIOS because it is stored in a Read-Only Memory (ROM) chip on the mainboard. BIOS is the first program to run when you turn on your computer. BIOS performs the following functions: 1. Initializing and testing hardware in your computer (a process called “POST”, for Power On Self Test). 2. Loading and running your operating system. 3. Helping your operating system and application programs to manage your PC hardware by means of a set of routines called BIOS Run-Time Service. 1.7.1.1. BIOS SETUP BIOS Setup is an interactive BIOS program that you need to run when: 1. Changing the hardware of your system. (for example: installing a new Hard Disk etc..) 2. Modifying the behavior of your computer. (for example: changing the system time or date, or turning special features on or off etc.) 3. Enhancing your computer’s behavior. (for example: speeding up performance by turning on shadowing or cache) How to run BIOS Setup: • To access BIOS setup menu, press key after “POST”, and before the OS is loaded. The BIOS usually display the following message: Press DEL to enter SETUP

Fig. 1.6.1. M.Flynn's classifications: classes SISD and SIMD CPU is one or several processor elements, CU is a control unit, Mem is the data memory. Classical serial cars concern class SISD or, otherwise, cars a fon-nejman type, first of all. In such cars there is only one stream of the commands, all commands are processed consistently one after another and each command initiates one scalar operation. SIMD (Single Instruction stream/Multiple Data stream) - a single stream of commands and a plural data stream (fig. 1.6.1). In this class of architecture one stream of commands including, unlike the previous class, vector commands remains. It allows carrying out one arithmetic operation at once over many data, for example, over vector elements. MISD (Multiple Instruction stream/Single Data stream) - a plural stream of commands and a single data stream (fig. 1.6.2). Definition means presence in architecture of many processors processing the same data stream. However neither Flynn, nor other experts in the field of architecture of computers could not present till now a convincing example of the real-life computing system constructed on the given principle. A number of researchers is carried by conveyor cars to the given class, however it has not found a definitive recognition in scientific community. We will consider that while the given class is empty.

use without knowledge of system of commands is absolutely impossible, after all the Assembler language represents symbolical record of digital codes of computer language, codes of commands of the processor. Certainly, for development of the software there are every possible software. To use them it is usually possible and without knowledge of system of commands of the processor. More often programming languages of high level, such as Pascal and SI are applied. However the knowledge of system of commands and the Assembler language allows to increase several times efficiency of some most important parts of the software of any micropro-cessor system - from the microcontroller to the personal computer. For this reason in this chapter we will consider the main types of commands which are available for the majority of processors, and features of their application. Each command, chosen (read) of memory the processor, defines algorithm of behavior of the processor on the next some steps. The code of command speaks about what operation should be executed to the processor and with what operands (that is codes of data) where to take initial information for command execution and where to place result (if it is necessary). The code of command can borrow from one to several bytes, and the processor learns about that, how many command byte he should read, from the first byte read by it or a word. In the processor the code of command is deciphered and will be transformed to a set of the micro operations which are carried out by separate knots of the processor. But to the developer of microprocessor systems this knowledge isn't too important, to it the result of performance of this or that command is important only. 2.3.1. Addressing of operands The most part of commands of the processor works with codes of data (operands). One commands demand entrance operands (one or two), others give out target operands (one operand is more often). Entrance operands are called still as operands sources, and days off are called as operands receivers. All these codes of operands (entrance and target) should settle down somewhere. They can be in internal registers of the processor (the most convenient and fast option). They can settle down in system memory (the most widespread option). At last, they can be in input-output devices (the most exceptional case).

In item calculation systems any number is represented in the form of sequence of figures and signs which quantitative value depends on what place (position) is borrowed with everyone from them among. Quantity of the various figures used for the image of numbers in an item calculation system, name its basis. I.e. if in a calculation system for the image of numbers it is used r various among themselves the figures designating integers the basis of this system will be number r, being by the whole positive number. Let's consider the sequence of figures representing some number in which the whole and fractional parts are divided by a comma: ± an-1 an-2 ... aj ... a1a0 If in the set number to renumber the positions borrowed in figures, an index i we shall see, that it runs the sequence of values laying within the limits of -m = = 0. For an estimation of quantitative value of each category of number the basis of a calculation system which specifies is used, in how many times unit i+1 the category is more than unit i the younger category. Considering above told, set number it is possible to present so: ± (an-1*rn-1+an-2*rn-2+ ... +a0*r0) The given expression is used for record of numbers in any item calculation system.

In 1945 father of modern computer architecture John von Neumann, a large mathematician prepared a lecture about a machine which would keep the programs in memory. A lecture was sent to the scientists and got a mass appeal, as in him von Neumann clear and simply formulated general principles of functioning of universal computing devices, or computers. He was the consultant of project EDVAC and brought in the large personal payment in many fundamental inventions which underlay one of the first in history computers. In 1946 engineers which headed development, John Eckert and John Мauchly made attempt patent all bases of EDVAC technology, including those things which was thought by von Neumann. The first computer, in which principles von Neumann were incarnate, was built in 1949 by English researcher Maurice Wilkes. And for today swingeing majority of computers is done in accordance with principles of von Neumann (Fig. 1). CPU is a central processor unit. ALU is arithmetic and logic unit - for arithmetic calculations and acceptance of logical decisions. Memory is storages of data - serves for storage of information. CU is control unit - co-ordination of different blocks of COMPUTER.

programmers productivity began to apply languages programming, not consoling with absolute languages. On COMPUTER of the third generation an absolute language practically is not used for programming of tasks, the role of internal language of COMPUTER was saved only after him. Several hundred different languages are presently counted programming which are classified on different signs. Most general is classification on the degree of dependence of language from COMPUTER. On this sign languages are divided by two large groups: • Computer-dependent languages, • Computer-independent languages. Computer-dependent languages, in turn, divide by machine and machine-oriented. An absolute language is a programming language, directly perceived by a computer. Every command of absolute language is interpreted by an apparatus, executing the indicated functions. Commands of absolute language in principle are enough primitive. The only corresponding association of these commands in the programs in absolute language enables to describe serious enough algorithms. The sets of commands of absolute language of modern computers include some very effective possibilities frequently. It is said that an absolute language is computer-dependent: the program, written in absolute language of computer of one type, as a rule, can not be executed on the computer of other type, if its absolute language is not identical to the absolute language of the first computer (or is not expansion in relation to this language). By another sign machine, or by a vehicle, there is character of commands dependence: in the commands of

We will specify following features of OS which allow to allocate questions of maintenance of safety of OS in a special category: − management of all resources of system; − presence of the built in mechanisms which expressly or by implication influence safety of programs and the data working in the environment of OS; − maintenance of the interface of the user with system resources; − the sizes and complexity OS. Majority OS possess defects from the point of view of maintenance of safety of data in system that is caused by performance of a problem of maintenance of the maximum availability of system for the user. We will consider typical functional defects of OS which can lead to creation of channels of data leak. Identification. To each resource in system the unique name-identifier should be appropriated. In many systems users have no possibility to make sure that resources used by them really belong system. Passwords. The majority of users is chosen by the elementary passwords which are easy for picking up or guess. The passwords list. Storage of the list of passwords in not ciphered kind gives the chance it compromise with the subsequent unauthorized access to data. Threshold values. For prevention of attempts of not authorised input in system by means of pasword selection it is necessary to limit number of such attempts, that in some OS is not provided.

Definition of information technology (ІТ) Technology in the translation from Greek (techne) means art, skill, ability, and this is nothing like processes. Process should be understood as a set of activities aimed to achieve the goal. Technology of material production to understand the range of tools and methods of processing, production, changes in the state, properties, forms of material or material. IT is a set of tools and methods for collecting, processing and transmission of data (primary data) for information about the quality of the new state of the object, process or phenomenon (information product). Module №1 „BASICS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES CONSTRUCTION” Lecture 1.1 Introduction into the subject IT. The definition of IT. Development stages of IT. Classification of IT. The purpose of IT is the production of information for its analysis by man and making his decisions based on the implementation of any action. Practical application of methods and data processing can be different, so it is expedient to provide:

ПЛАН РАБОТЫ 1. Понятие и виды ИТ 2. Порядок создания ИТ 3. ИТ в применении некоммерческими и коммерческими организациями, физическими лицами: правила эксплуатации и ограничения применения 4. Информационные войны Технология В широком смысле это объем знаний, которые можно использовать для производства товаров, работ, услуг. В узком смысле способ преобразования вещества, энергии, информации в процессе изготовления продукции, контроля качества, управления.

Развитие кадрового потенциала и образования в отрасли информационных технологий Стратегия развития отрасли ИТ в России. Вклад Уральского федерального университета Ноябрь 2013 год. Студенческая конференция, посвященная исследовательскому проекту «Развитие ИТ-отрасли России» Современные образовательные программы бакалавриата и магистратуры ИТ направлений, разработанные с участием специалистов ведущих мировых и российских ИТ компаний. Реализация концепции непрерывного образования: школьники – студенты - аспиранты – специалисты высшей квалификации. Внедрение в учебный процесс сертифицированных курсов мировых вендоров IT. Развитие кадрового потенциала и образования в отрасли информационных технологий Стратегия развития отрасли ИТ в России. Вклад Уральского федерального университета

Технология ГИС Геоданные Информация, имеющая свое определенное место на карте, схеме, плане составляет порядка 80-90% всех данных

Программа курса ИТ Семестр командной работы. Лекции (1 раз в 2 недели) : 2 модуля, Доклады, Предварительная подготовка и обсуждение. Опоздания запрещены! Программа курса ИТ Лабораторные работы 1 раз в 2 недели : 5 лабораторных в Matlab и Electronics WorkBench, Электронная почта (приветствие, представление, вопрос, прикрепленный отчет или скрипт) КСР (1 раз в 2 недели): 1+1 (лаб. 12 по УТП) лабораторных, проект на группу. Зачет. Опоздания запрещены!

Некачественное управление информацией приводит: к неэффективному взаимодействию внутри организации к неэффективному принятию решений к невозможности реализации потенциала организации. Где информация лежит? Мозги сотрудников Электронная почта Общие папки в Exchange Server Файловые сервера Локальные диски Базы данных Интернет ресурсы Шкафы для бумаг Приложения Системы документооборота Сообществах сотрудников (клубы интересов, студии) Домашние компьютеры

Инфузионная терапия – метод лечения, заключающийся в парентеральном введении в организм различных веществ и фармацевтических препаратов в виде растворов. Трансфузионная терапия – раздел инфузионной терапии, занимающийся переливанием крови и ее компонентов. - Обеспечение физиологической (патофизиологической ) потребности больного в воде и ионах. - Устранение дефицита воды и ионов. - Возмещение текущих патологических потерь воды и ионов. Принципы инфузионной терапии Dennis, 1962

ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ з. 1. Основные сведения об информационных технологиях т. 1. Основные сведения об информационных технологиях Учебные вопросы Содержание информационной технологии как составной части информатики. Основные задачи информационных технологий Общая классификация видов информационных технологий и их реализация в промышленности, административном управлении, обучении

Позволяет: стандартизировать и оптимизировать работу инструкторов групповых программ гарантированно достигать клиентам поставленных целей- жиросжигания и подтяжке фигуры увеличивать производительность инструкторов групповых программ 1 2

2. ИТ-индустрия и ИС ИС - основной продукт Особенности использования ИС: электронная цифровая форма - сложность индивидуализации высокая зависимость от интеллектуальной деятельности персонала - «человеческий фактор» высокая роль стандартов и протоколов «зависимых решений» 3. Возникновение и приобретение прав на объекты интеллектуальной собственности 1) Творческая деятельность автора: возникновение прав в силу факта создания 2) Регистрация объектов патентного права 3) Регистрация средств индивидуализации 4) Охрана информации ограниченного доступа Приобретение прав Компанией: Автор – Компания Автор – правообладатель – Компания Автор-работник – правообладатель – Компания Автор-работник – Компания-работодатель Вклад в уставный капитал Компании

Излучение называют ионизирующим, если, проходя через среду, оно вызывает ее ионизацию. По своей природе ионизирующее излучение бывает фотонное и корпускулярное. Фотонное излучение Фотонное излучение включает в себя γ-излучение и рентгеновское излучение. γ‑излучением - возникает при изменении энергетического состояния атомных ядер или при аннигиляции частиц (например, электрона и позитрона). Рентгеновское излучение — возникает при изменении энергетического состояния электронов атома.

Etienne Lenoir (1822–1900), a Belgian engineer Этьен Ленуар internal combustion engine August Lumière (1862-1954) and Louis Lumière (1864-1948), French inventors Огюст и Луи Люмьер Cinématographe

Roger Bacon (1214–1294), an English philosopher and scientist Роджер Бэкон magnifying glass, a round piece of glass with a handle, used to make objects or print look bigger Ralph Baer (born 1922), a German American engineer and inventor Ральф Баер game console

Use Passive instead of Active 1. Roger Bacon invented… A magnifying glass was invented by Roger Bacon. 2. Alexander Graham Bell invented ... Use Passive instead of Active 4. Josephine Cochrane invented ... 3. László József Bíró invented …

Программа тренинга 1. Общие положения инвестиционного проектирования 2. Методические основы инвестиционного проектирования 3. Источники краткосрочного финансирования 4. Источники долгосрочного финансирования 5. Стоимость капитала и методы ее оценки 6. Методы оценки эффективности инвестиций 7. Кредитование инвестиций 8. Оценка стоимости ценных бумаг предприятия и предприятия в целом 9. Анализ и оценка рисков 10. Бизнес-план инвестиционного проекта 1. Общие положения инвестиционного проектирования

Global Trade For quite a long time, global trade has grown faster than world output and the trend is likely to continue in future. During the past few decades the focus of a Marketing Manager was only on his product and the ways to improve the product to make it better then the competitors. Global Trade The objective of a firm was only profit making. Consumer oriented The marketers are supposed to understand the consumers , identify their needs and preferences and satisfy them, now it is consumer oriented and not only product oriented.

What is the purpose? To discuss current global issues and problems. To broaden your perspectives. To enhance your critical thinking skills. To improve your writing and presentation abilities. To make you a researcher. To make you LIFE LONG LEARNER! COURSE CONTENT