chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer

What is chronic gastritis?
Chronic gastritis is a condition in which the stomach lining is damaged long-term, often due to infection by H. pylori. Chronic gastritis does not usually cause indigestion or pain, but severe damage may result in anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency.

ETIOLOGY
Chronic gastritis has a number of possible causes, some of which overlap with the possible causes of acute gastritis.
bacterial infection, most commonly with Helicobacter pylori bacteria
excessive alcohol consumption
bile reflux
drug use (certain recreational and over the counter drugs can irritate the stomach linings if used frequently)
stress
radiation
certain illnesses, such as diabetes or kidney failure
a weakened immune system

TYPES OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS

What are the risk factors for chronic gastritis?
Your risk for chronic gastritis increases if your lifestyle and dietary habits activate changes in the stomach lining.
It may be useful to avoid:
high-fat diets
high-salt diets
smoking
Long-term consumption of alcohol can also lead to chronic gastritis.

How is chronic gastritis diagnosed?
a test for the bacteria that cause stomach ulcers
a stool test to look for stomach bleeding
a blood count and an anemia test
an endoscopy, in which a camera attached to a long tube is inserted into your mouth and down into your digestive tract

TREATMENT

PEPTIC ULCER

What are peptic ulcers?
Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They’re usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids.

ETIOLOGY
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a type of bacteria that can cause a stomach infection and inflammation
frequent use of aspirin (Bayer), ibuprofen (Advil), and other anti-inflammatory drugs (risk associated with this behavior increases in women and people over the age of 60)
smoking
drinking too much alcohol
radiation therapy
stomach cancer

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is burning abdominal pain that extends from the navel to the chest, which can range from mild to severe. In some cases, the pain may wake you up at night. Small peptic ulcers may not produce any symptoms in the early phases.
Other common signs of a peptic ulcer include:
changes in appetite
nausea
bloody or dark stools
unexplained weight loss
indigestion
vomiting
chest pain