Digestive System

Содержание

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Digestion

Phases Include
Ingestion
Movement
Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

Digestion Phases Include Ingestion Movement Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Absorption Elimination

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Digestion

Types
Mechanical (physical)
Chew
Tear
Grind
Mash
Mix
Chemical
Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

Digestion Types Mechanical (physical) Chew Tear Grind Mash Mix Chemical Enzymatic reactions

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Digestive System Organization

Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
Tube within a tube
Direct link/path between organs
Structures
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large

Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract Tube within a tube Direct link/path
Intestine
Rectum

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Mouth

Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with

Mouth Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food
saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch).

Epiglottis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx.

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Esophagus

Approximately 20 cm long.
Functions include:
Secrete mucus
Moves food from the throat to the

Esophagus Approximately 20 cm long. Functions include: Secrete mucus Moves food from
stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis
If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn.
Mouth, Pharynx and Esophagus Video

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Stomach

J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down

Stomach J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it
into tiny pieces.
Mixes food with Digestive Juices that contain enzymes to break down Proteins and Lipids.
Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills Bacteria.
Food found in the stomach is called Chyme.

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Small Intestine

Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long
Lining of intestine walls has

Small Intestine Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long Lining of intestine
finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area.
The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption.

Crash Course Review

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Small Intestine

Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small

Small Intestine Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the
intestine walls.
Absorbs:
80% ingested water
Vitamins
Minerals
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Secretes digestive enzymes

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Large Intestine

About 1.5 meters long
Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb
Rectum (short term

Large Intestine About 1.5 meters long Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb
storage which holds feces before it is expelled).

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Large Intestine

Functions
Bacterial digestion
Ferment carbohydrates

Absorbs more water
Concentrate wastes

Large Intestine Functions Bacterial digestion Ferment carbohydrates Absorbs more water Concentrate wastes

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Accessory Organs The Glands

Not part of the path of food, but play

Accessory Organs The Glands Not part of the path of food, but
a critical role.

Include: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

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Liver

Directly affects digestion by producing bile
Bile helps digest fat
filters out toxins and

Liver Directly affects digestion by producing bile Bile helps digest fat filters
waste including drugs and alcohol and poisons.

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Gall Bladder

Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine.
Fatty

Gall Bladder Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small
diets can cause gallstones

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Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins
Regulates blood sugar by

Pancreas Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins Regulates blood
producing insulin

Web Page Reinforcement Video

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On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ:

Green:
Red:
Pink:
Brown:
Purple:
Green:
Yellow:

On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ:

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How’d you do?

Green: Esophagus
Red: Stomach
Pink: Small Intestine
Brown: Large Intestine
Purple: Liver
Green: Gall Bladder
Yellow:

How’d you do? Green: Esophagus Red: Stomach Pink: Small Intestine Brown: Large
Pancreas
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