Structure of the heart valves

Structurе
Structure of the heart valves
Blood flow through the valves
The heart valves and the chambers are lined with endocardium.
Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles, or the ventricles
from a blood vessel. Heart valves are situated around the fibrous rings
of the cardiac skeleton. The valves incorporate leaflets or cusps, which
are pushed open to allow blood flow and which then close together to seal
and prevent backflow. The mitral valve has two cusps, whereas the others
have three. There are nodules at the tips of the cusps that make the seal tighter

Valves of the Heart
The schematic diagram below illustrates the four valves of the heart and how they are oriented within the heart. The heart valves in reality are not in this simplified orientation, but the diagram serves to show the valves and their relationship to each other.

жүрек клапандарын және палаталары энгдокардом төселген отыр. Жүрек клапандары қарыншаның жылғы ATRIA бөліп, немесе қан кеме қарыншалар. Жүрек клапандар жүрек қаңқасының талшықты сақина айналасында орналасқан. клапандар қан айналымын мүмкіндік содан кейін пломба және жол бермеу үшін бірге жабу, ол үшін ашық итеріп жатыр парақшалар немесе Створок, қамтиды. басқалары үш бар, ал митральды, екі Створок бар. мөр тығыз жасауға өткір сөз туралы кеңестер узелки бар.

The four valves are known as:
The tricuspid valve
The pulmonic or pulmonary valve
The mitral valve
The aortic valv

Abstract—Artificial Heart Valves and their functions, along with the types of patients that require them, will be addressed in this paper. The technology that is currently available as well as what is being developed will also be discussed.

Introduction
Artificial Heart Valves, just like natural heart valves, control the flow of blood from one chamber of the heart to the next. They are implanted on individuals who suffer from various valvular heart diseases. Depending on the actual disease of the patient, either a mechanical or a biological heart valve may be implanted through open-heart surgery.

II. Methods
The first artificial heart valve was mechanical and it was invented by Dr. Charles Hufnagel in 1952. This ball valve was implanted in a thirty year old woman and, after the surgery, she was able to continue living as she had before. The only d o w n s i d e t o t h i s implantation was that it was not placed in the heart itself, but in the descending aorta, which did not fix the problem of the malfunctioning heart valve but instead, dealt with the symptoms

III. Results
The use of biological heart valves has been increasing more and more since they are less likely to cause problems in the long run. Mechanical heart valves, being a machine, will tend to wear out and need replacement. Not only that, but the mechanical heart valves tend to also cause blood clots in some patients after they have been in use for several years. The biological heart valves, since they are in fact very similar to a human heart valve, act as a human’s and, in turn, don’t cause the problems that can be found in the mechanical ones

IV. Discussion
The problems that are associated with both the mechanical and biological heart valves cause researchers to further develop newer models in order to deal with rejection in both types, and blood clots and blood infection in the mechanical heart valves. In the future, the blood valves will hopefully become durable enough to last a lifetime so that patients will not need open-heart surgery more than once. The biological heart valve rejection rate will hopefully also go down and allow more patients to be able to get them implanted.