Assistant with fainting

Содержание

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Joseph Reny 171(1) la2

Joseph Reny 171(1) la2

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Learning Objectives

Explain the basic disease process associated with seizures.
List the various causes

Learning Objectives Explain the basic disease process associated with seizures. List the
of seizures.
List the types of seizures.
List the signs and symptoms of generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal seizures).

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Learning Objectives

Define status epilepticus.
Describe assessment priorities for a seizure victim.
Describe and demonstrate

Learning Objectives Define status epilepticus. Describe assessment priorities for a seizure victim.
first aid care for a seizure victim.
Explain the types of dizziness.
Describe and demonstrate first aid care for a fainting victim.

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Introduction

Neurological emergencies such as seizures or fainting are often more graphic than

Introduction Neurological emergencies such as seizures or fainting are often more graphic
fatal.
The First Aider should rapidly identify and assess these victims for life threats.
Often early activation of EMS and aggressive airway management can prevent additional medical complications.

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Seizure

Involuntary, sudden change in sensation, behavior, muscle activity, or mental status
Occurs due

Seizure Involuntary, sudden change in sensation, behavior, muscle activity, or mental status
to electrical discharge occurring in the brain
Is an emergency occurring in the brain, with manifestations evident in the victim’s behavior, convulsions, or changes in mental status

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Causes of Seizures

Can result from any type of electrical or chemical disturbance

Causes of Seizures Can result from any type of electrical or chemical
in the brain
Epilepsy
Head injury
Hypoxia or other chemical disturbances
Alcohol or other poisons
Inflammation from bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections
Fever
Degenerative diseases
Tumor
Allergic reactions to drugs or other chemicals
Scar tissue from prior injuries

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Types of Seizures

Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal)
Absence (petit mal)
Simple partial (Jacksonian)
Complex partial (psychomotor)
Myoclonic
Atonic

©

Types of Seizures Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) Absence (petit mal) Simple partial
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Status Epilepticus

Condition where single seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, or

Status Epilepticus Condition where single seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, or
series of seizures occur without intervening period of responsiveness
Can cause irreversible brain damage, and/or cardiac, respiratory, and renal complications
Indicates a dire medical emergency
Often results when an epilepsy victim has not taken medication.

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Seizures Assessment

Generalized tonic-clonic symtoms
Aura
Tonic phase
Hypertonic phase
Tonic-clonic phase
Autonomic discharge
Post-seizure phase
Postictal phase

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Seizures Assessment Generalized tonic-clonic symtoms Aura Tonic phase Hypertonic phase Tonic-clonic phase
Education, Inc.

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Assessment Considerations for Seizures

Obtain medical history from reliable sources
History of seizures?
Medications for

Assessment Considerations for Seizures Obtain medical history from reliable sources History of
seizures?
How did the seizure progress?
Has there been any head injury?
Does the patient have other medical problems?
Physical assessment
Signs of injury
Signs of drug or alcohol abuse
Presence of Medic Alert tag

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First Aid Care for Seizures

Seek medical help if:
Multiple seizures or a long

First Aid Care for Seizures Seek medical help if: Multiple seizures or
seizure (more than 5 minutes)
Uncertain of cause for seizure
Victim has significant medical illnesses
Victim has significant traumatic injuries
Victim is an infant, child, or pregnant female
Significant assessments indicate deterioration from seizure

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First Aid Care for Seizures

Take standard precautions, activate EMS.
Move objects away from

First Aid Care for Seizures Take standard precautions, activate EMS. Move objects
victim.
Establish and maintain an airway.
Do not give anything by mouth.
Remove or loosen any tight clothing.

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First Aid Care for Seizures

Turn victim on left side.
Do not restrain victim.
Reassure

First Aid Care for Seizures Turn victim on left side. Do not
and reorient the victim after the seizure ceases.

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First Aid Care for Status Epilepticus

Take standard precautions, activate EMS.
Place the victim

First Aid Care for Status Epilepticus Take standard precautions, activate EMS. Place
safely on the floor.
Open and maintain the airway.
Position the victim to facilitate airway drainage.
Provide artificial ventilation if needed, even if during seizure activity.
Carefully monitor vital signs until EMS arrives.

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Dizziness

Dizziness (or vertigo)
Commonly described as woozy, light-headed, or dream-like states
True vertigo involves

Dizziness Dizziness (or vertigo) Commonly described as woozy, light-headed, or dream-like states
a hallucination of motion (sensation of spinning or whirling)

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Dizziness

Signs and symptoms
Central vertigo is less common but most serious
Caused by central

Dizziness Signs and symptoms Central vertigo is less common but most serious
nervous system dysfunction
Eye muscle changes, pupillary changes, facial droop
No evidence of nausea, vomiting, or hearing loss
Labyrinthine vertigo
More common, inner ear disturbance
Nausea, vomiting, eye twitching, pale and moist skin, rapid heart beat

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Dizziness

First aid care
Take standard precautions.
Reassure the victim, help them to position of

Dizziness First aid care Take standard precautions. Reassure the victim, help them
comfort.
Conduct an assessment to rule out immediate life threats or serious conditions.
Encourage the victim to seek medical care.

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Fainting

Also known as syncope
Brief loss of consciousness
Triggered by inadequate brain oxygenation
Victim collapses,

Fainting Also known as syncope Brief loss of consciousness Triggered by inadequate
and when in horizontal position perfusion to brain improves and they rapidly “wake up”
Is not itself a disease but can be a symptom of a range of underlying conditions

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Fainting

Signs and symptoms
Nausea, abdominal pain
Light-headedness, weakness
Possible shaking
Pounding pain in the head

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Fainting Signs and symptoms Nausea, abdominal pain Light-headedness, weakness Possible shaking Pounding
Pearson Education, Inc.

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Fainting

First aid care
If they have not fainted yet, have victim sit down

Fainting First aid care If they have not fainted yet, have victim
or lie down with feet elevated.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Fainting

First aid care
If victim has already fainted, keep them supine.
Monitor for vomiting,

Fainting First aid care If victim has already fainted, keep them supine.
loosen tight clothing.
Assess victim for any concurrent life threats.
Treat any injuries caused by fall.
Do not allow recovering victim to stand up suddenly.
Move victim to fresh air, place cool and damp cloth on the face.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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