Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Plan:
Classification
Definition of disease
Etiology
Morphology:
- macro image;
- micro image.
Complications
Conclusion
Reference

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – is a primary myocardial disease, characterized by local or symmetrical ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias and high risk of sudden death.

It is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy, abnormal diastolic filling, and in about one third of cases, intermittent ventricular outflow obstruction.

Etiology
have a form of the disease in which the wall (septum) between the two bottom chambers of the heart (ventricles) becomes enlarged and impedes blood flow out of the heart.
significant blocking of blood flow. However, the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle) may become stiff, reducing the amount of blood the ventricle can hold and the amount pumped out to the body with each heartbeat.
Inherited
by abnormal genes (gene mutations) that cause the heart muscle to grow abnormally thick

Macro image
The ventricular cavity loses its usual round-to-ovoid shape and may be compressed into a ‘banana-like’ configuration by bulging of the ventricular septum into the lumen.
Often present are endocardial thickening or mural plaque formation in the left ventricular outflow tract and thickening of the anterior mitral leaflet.

Extensive myocyte hypertrophy with transverse myocyte diameters frequently greater than 40 μm (n: ~ 15μm)
Haphazard disarray of bundles of myocytes, individual myocytes, and contractile elements in sarcomeres within cells
Interstitial and replacement fibrosis

Literature:
V.Kumar, A.K. Abbas, S.N. Fauso. Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition, 2008 – 1525 p.
V.V.Serov, V.S.Paukov. Pathological anatomy, 2010 – 800 p.
R.A.Cooke, B.Stewart. Colour Atlas of Anatomical Pathology, 3rd edition, 2004 – 300 p.