Medical faculty

Contents
Biography
Work in medicine
Contribution to medicine

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov is a great Russian surgeon and anatomist, his research marked the beginning of the anatomical and experimental direction in surgery. The founder of military field surgery and surgical anatomy, academician

Biography
He was born in Moscow in the family of a military official
In 1824 he entered Moscow University, and in 1827 graduated from it. After graduation, he went to study in Dorpat (Tartu, Estonia) to prepare for a professorship
In 1832 he defended his dissertation
In 1836, at the age of 26, he was elected professor of the Department of Surgery University of Dorpat, in 1841 he became head of the Department Medical and Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg, then head of the Hospital Surgery clinic
In 1847 he served in the Caucasus, in the active army

Took part in the defense of Sevastopol
In 1856 he was appointed a trustee Odessa, then Kiev educational districts
In forced retirement, Nikolai Ivanovich could not imagine life without medical work
He settled in his estate in the village of Vishnya (now Pirogovo), where he received and treated patients, and peasants — for free, built a hospital at his own expense
In 1881 , on November 23 , Nicholai Ivanovich died
Pirogov Congresses of doctors are organized in memory of N. I. Pirogov
Two medical institutes bear his name, a monument has been erected in Moscow Pirogov

Work in medicine
In 1841, Nikolai Pirogov was invited to the Department of Surgery at the Medical and Surgical Academy of St. Petersburg, where he worked for more than 10 years and created the first surgical clinic in Russia. In the Medical and Surgical Academy of St. Petersburg Pirogov founded another branch of medicine - hospital surgery
After becoming the director of the Tool Factory, Nikolai Pirogov invented and developed new surgical instruments with which every surgeon could successfully perform the most complex surgical operations
He conducted anatomical studies on frozen corpses, engaged in "ice anatomy". As a result of these experiments, a new medical discipline appeared – topographic anatomy. A few years later, the professor published the first anatomical atlas intended for surgeons

The project of the world's first Anatomical Institute has been approved, on which the professor has worked a lot in recent years
Pirogov continued to work successfully and on October 16, 1846, the first test of ether anesthesia took place
Nikolai Ivanovich independently designed a mask for anesthesia, which is still used today
In the summer of 1847, during the siege of the fortified Dagestan aul, Pirogov operated on many wounded for the first time in the world under anesthesia, using chloroform, stronger than ether

During the Crimean War, Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov took part in military operations in the Caucasus, where the great Russian surgeon performed about 10,000 surgical operations under ether anesthesia
It was Pirogov who laid the foundations of military field medicine, and his achievements formed the basis for the activities of military field surgeons of the XIX-XX centuries. At the initiative of surgeon Pirogov , a new form of frontline medical sanitary service was introduced in the Russian army in October 1854 — sisters of mercy appeared

In 1855, Nikolai Ivanovich achieved an appointment to the active army in Sevastopol, besieged by Anglo-Franco-Turkish troops. Operating on the wounded on the front line, Pirogov used a plaster cast for the first time in the history of medicine. Professor, has developed a new system of evacuation, transportation, sorting of the wounded in combat conditions
Shortly before his death, Nikolai Pirogov made another discovery — he proposed a completely new way of embalming the bodies of the deceased

Сontribution to medicine
For the first time in the history of medicine, N. I. Pirogov:
-founded the Anatomical Institute
-combined descriptive, physiological and surgical anatomy into a course of topographic (applied) anatomy
-created a military field surgery
-created a hospital-surgical clinic
-applied ether anesthesia in the conditions of the front
-created a special mask for ether anesthesia, which is still used in medicine today
-began to use a plaster cast (plaster)