Heart blocks

Table of Contents
Heart blocks its classification
01
The Disease
Ecg’s , symptoms and other possible tests
02
Diagnosis
Risk factors & prevalence
03
Etiology
Mechanisms and the pathogenesis
04
Pathology
About drugs and instrumental methods
05
Treatment

Heart block is a condition where the heart beats more slowly or with an abnormal rhythm.
It's caused by a problem with the electrical pulses that control how your heart beats
Cardiac arrhythmias are caused by disorders in the automaticity, excitability and conducting systems of the heart
Introduction

Heart blocks
About the Disease
01

Infarctions
Surgery
Drgus
Increased vagal tone (parasympathetics)
Etiology

Risk factors
B- blockers, anti arrhythmatics,Ca blockers & Digoxin
Drugs
Usually turner syndrome
Congenital
Previous infarction and surgery blocks the impulse conduction
Infarction /surgery

Sinoatrial block
Type 1 SA block (Wenkeback)
Type 2 SA block(Mobitz)
Type 2 second degree block
is a disorder in the normal rhythm of the heart, known as a heart block, that is initiated in the sinoatrial node.
SA block
01
02
03

Pathology
This is the result of decremental conduction where the increment in conduction delay
Type 1 SA block
PP intervals are fairly constant (unless sinus arrhythmia present) until conduction failure occurs
Type 2 SA block
This is the only degree of SA block that can be recognized on the surface ECG
2 nd degree SA block

Symptoms of the Disease
Hypoperfusion to brain causes altered mental status & signs of shock
Brain
Palpitations,
dysrhythmias
Heart
A
B
B

Atrioventricular block
Type 1 AV block
Type 2 AV block(type 1 & type2)
Type 3 AV block
is a disorder in the normal rhythm of the heart, known as a heart block, that is initiated in the AV node.
AV block
01
02
03

2,500000
People die because of the complication of heart block

Diagnosis ( ECG)
Type 1 SA block
Increased PR intervals and QRS complex are present without p waves
Type 2 SA block
Same as type 1 but irregular
Type 1 AV block
PR interval increased & all p waves are conducted
Type 2 AV block (M1)
2 QRS complex are close and 3rd absent
Type 2 AV block (M2)
Absence of QRS complex after 2-3 p waves
Type 3 AV block
PR interval prolonged and QRS are regular

Treatment
01
02
03
04
Anti arrhythmatics & b blockers
Drugs
It can be done by defibrillator or chemically (ibutilide)
Cardioversion
Open heart surgery must be performed
Surgery
Artificial pacemakers must be installed
Pacemackers

References
^ "sinuatrial block". TheFreeDictionary.com.
^ Mesirca, Pietro; Torrente, Angelo G.; Mangoni, Matteo E. (2015). "Functional role of voltage gated Ca2+ channels in heart automaticity". Frontiers in Physiology. 6. doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00019. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 4313592. PMID 25698974.
^ "sinoatrial heart block". TheFreeDictionary.com.