Слайд 2Indications
External fixation has a vital role in both provisional and definitive fracture
![Indications External fixation has a vital role in both provisional and definitive](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-1.jpg)
fixation.
In provisional stabilization, the surgeon must consider the impact of the fixator on the patient’s care (wound and hygiene) and definitive management.
Слайд 31- Fractures With Soft-tissue Damage
Closed ,open fractures and after fasciotomy
![1- Fractures With Soft-tissue Damage Closed ,open fractures and after fasciotomy](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-2.jpg)
Слайд 4
2- Polytrauma—Damage Control Surgery
Provisional application of external fixator as fast as possible
![2- Polytrauma—Damage Control Surgery Provisional application of external fixator as fast as](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-3.jpg)
to stablise the patient and save life and limb.
3- Skeletal Infection
4- Corrective Surgery And Bone Transport
5- Arthrodiastasis and Joint Fusion
Слайд 56- Indirect Reduction By Ex fix or Distractor
![6- Indirect Reduction By Ex fix or Distractor](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-4.jpg)
Слайд 6Frame Configuration
A- Unilateral.
B- Bilateral.
C- Multiplanar(quadrilateral)
D- Multiplanar (deltaconfiguration).
E,F- Ring fixator
![Frame Configuration A- Unilateral. B- Bilateral. C- Multiplanar(quadrilateral) D- Multiplanar (deltaconfiguration). E,F- Ring fixator](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-5.jpg)
Слайд 7Types
1- Single Tube 2- Modular
![Types 1- Single Tube 2- Modular](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-6.jpg)
Слайд 95- Monolateral Dynamic Lrs and ball joint spaning orthofix
![5- Monolateral Dynamic Lrs and ball joint spaning orthofix](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-8.jpg)
Слайд 10Basic Implants
1- Schanz Screws
Size never use more than one third
![Basic Implants 1- Schanz Screws Size never use more than one third](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-9.jpg)
of bone diameter
Pin bending strength is increased to the fourth power of the increase in the pin’s radius
5-6 mm for femur and tibia
4-5 mm for humerus
4 mm for forearm
2-3 in hand and foot
Avoid thermal necrosis
Preloading ,irrigation and t handle insertion
Avoid skin damage
Use asleeve
Know the safe zones well.
2- Clamps
3- Rods
Слайд 11Safe Zones
Humerus
Pins (5 mm) are placed anterolaterally in the proximal humerus, taking
![Safe Zones Humerus Pins (5 mm) are placed anterolaterally in the proximal](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-10.jpg)
care to avoid damage to the axillary and radial nerves, and posterolaterally (4 to 5 mm) in the distal humerus, avoiding the olecranon fossa .
Femur
Femoral shaft fractures are stabilized using pins (5 mm) placed anterolaterally or directly lateral .
Слайд 12Wrist
30°-40° in relation to the sagittal plane to avoid transfixing the extensor
![Wrist 30°-40° in relation to the sagittal plane to avoid transfixing the](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-11.jpg)
tendon/hood
The proximal two pins should be inserted proximal to the muscle bellies of abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), and should not penetrate them.
Слайд 13Tibia
Proximal tibial head
2CM distal to tibial plateau and avoid patellar
![Tibia Proximal tibial head 2CM distal to tibial plateau and avoid patellar](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-12.jpg)
tendon transfixion .
Distal of the tibial tuberosity
Tibial crest and the medial face of the tibia
Слайд 14Factors Adding To Stability Of External FixationI
1- The stiffness of the frame
![Factors Adding To Stability Of External FixationI 1- The stiffness of the](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/878622/slide-13.jpg)
increases with the thickness of a screw.
2- The thread design will define the holding strength in the bone.
3- It is better to insert a pin as close as possible to the fracture site.
4- Through larger distances between the pins in a fragment, the holding strength increases.
5- Also, a second rod will additionally increase the stiffness.