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Daniel Salmon Taxonomy of typhoid & paratyphoid family Enterobacteriaceae genus Salmonella Salmonella nomenclature is complicated. Initially each Salmonella species was named according to clinical considerations. Later, molecular findings led to the hypothesis that most serovars of Salmonella belongs to one species, S.enterica. But as this now formalized nomenclature is not in harmony with the traditional usage familiar to specialists in microbiology and infectologists, the traditional nomenclature is common: Typhoid fever, or commonly just typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi). Paratyphoid fevers (paratyphoid) or enteric fevers are a group of enteric illnesses caused by three serovars of Salmonellae: Salmonella paratyphi A, S.paratyphi B (or S.schottmuelleri) S.paratyphi C (S.hirschfeldii).

Antigen An antigen is a substance or molecule that when introduced into the body triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system which will then kill or neutralize the antigen that is recognized as a foreign and potentially harmful invader (e.g., bacteria). "Self" antigens are usually tolerated by the immune system; whereas "Non-self" antigens are identified as intruders and attacked by the immune system. Immunogen is a specific type of antigen. An immunogen is defined as a substance that is able to provoke an adaptive immune response if injected on its own. An immunogen is able to induce an immune response, while an antigen is able to combine with the products of an immune response once they are made. The concepts of immunogenicity and antigenicity are thereby subtly different.: Immunogenicity is the ability to induce a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response Antigenicity is the ability to combine specifically with the final products of the [immune response] (i.e. secreted antibodies and/or surface receptors on T-cells). Although all molecules that have the property of immunogenicity also have the property of antigenicity, the reverse is not true. "At the molecular level, an antigen is characterized by its ability to be "bound" at the antigen-binding site of an antibody. Note also that antibodies tend to discriminate between the specific molecular structures presented on the surface of the antigen. Properties of immunogenic substance 1. Foreignness. 2. Molecular Size: [Certain minimum size is required for immunogenicity. The most potent immunogens are macromolecular proteins with molecular weights greater than 100,000. Substances

Дослідження малих струмів Методи вимірювання малих струмів 1. Накопичення(інтегрування) заряду на конденсаторі Характеристики: висока чутливість 10 -17 А, низька швидкодія 10 -1 ~ 10 2 c. 2. Падіння напруги на шунті Характеристики: висока чутливість до 10 -15 А, необхідність зміни опору шунта для перемикання діапазону, значний вплив опору шунта при вимірюванні малих струмів. 3. Використання схеми зі зворотнім зв’язком Характеристики: висока чутливість до 10 -16 А висока швидкодія до 10 -5 с, відсутність падіння напруги живлення

Технология от древнегреческого τέχνη — искусство, мастерство, умение; λόγος — мысль, причина; методика, способ производства В традиционном понимании — совокупность методов, процессов и материалов, используемых в какой-либо отрасли деятельности, а также научное описание способов технического производства; в узком понимании — комплекс организационных мер, операций и приемов, направленных на изготовление, обслуживание, ремонт и/или эксплуатацию продукта. Технология В современное понимание понятия “технология” включаются знания и опыт в областях: наука, техника, производство, организационный и управленческий менеджмент, бизнес - модели. Понятие “технология” охватывает все знания о некотором процессе, независимо от того, в какой форме они выражены. Например, технологии – это еще и интеллектуальная собственность в области науки и искусства, на которые выданы патенты, авторские свидетельства, а также знания и опыт, не имеющие правовой охраны и объединяемые понятием “know-how”.

ТРИ ТИПА КАРЬЕРЫ SOFT SKILLS

Task №1 Consider the following small country case: Domestic market equilibrium price – $60, quantity – 3000. World price – $30, quantity of demand – 5000, quantity of local production – 1000. Tariff – $5. 1) What is price after tariff charging? 2) What was import before tariff charging? 3) What is import after tariff charging? 4) What is producer surplus increasing? 5) What is tariff revenue? 6) What are deadweight losses? Task №2 Consider the following small country case: Domestic market equilibrium price – $100, quantity – 2000. World price – $50, quantity of demand – 3000, quantity of local production – 800. Tariff – 20%. 1) What is price after tariff charging? 2) What was import before tariff charging? 3) What is import after tariff charging? 4) What is producer surplus increasing? 5) What is tariff revenue? 6) What are deadweight losses?

1. Word-Structure and Morphemes Morphe – ‘form’ + -eme. The Greek suffix – eme has been adopted by linguists to denote the smallest unit (phoneme, sememe, lexeme) Word-structure is internal organization of words. The morpheme is the smallest indivisible two-facet language unit. MORPHEMES Morphemes cannot be segmented into smaller units without losing their constitutive essence (two-facetedness) – association of a certain meaning with a certain sound-pattern. Morphemes occur in speech only as constituent parts of words but not independently.

SEMANTIC СLASSIFICATION OF WORDS BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GROUPING WORDS. SYNONYMY SYNONYMS CLASSIFICATION OF SYNONYMS EUPHEMISMS ANTONYMY ANTONYMS CLASSIFICATION OF ANTONYMS TERMINOLOGICAL AND LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUPS OF WORDS 1. LEXICAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL SETS 2. LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUPS 3. SEMANTIC FIELDS I. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GROUPING WORDS Two basic principles of grouping words: to classify words proceeding from the basic types of semantic relations; to group words together starting off with associations connecting the given words with other vocabulary units.

INTRALINGUISTIC RELATIONS OF WORDS SYNTAGMATIC RELATIONS PARADIGMATIC RELATIONS SEMANTIC SIMILARITY SEMANTIC CONTRAST BASIC TYPES OF SEMANTIC RELATIONS PROXIMITY EQUIVALENCE INCLUSION. HYPONYMIC STRUCTURES OPPOSITION. I. Intralinguistic Relations of Words Ferdinand de Saussure: Intralinguistic relations exist between words They are basically of two types: syntagmatic and paradigmatic

MOTIVATION & SEMANTIC CHANGE I. WORD-MEANING AND MOTIVATION. TYPES OF MOTIVATION II. SEMANTIC CHANGE: 1. CAUSES OF SEMANTIC CHANGE 2. NATURE OF SEMANTIC CHANGE 3. RESULTS OF SEMANTIC CHANGE I. WORD-MEANING AND MOTIVATION The inner form is pivotal point in the lexical meaning which helps to get an insight into the features chosen as the basis for nomination. Motivation is used to denote the relationship between the phonetic or morphemic composition and structural pattern of the word on the one hand, and its meaning on the other.

ASPECTS OF LEXICAL MEANING THE DENOTATIONAL ASPECT THE CONNOTATIONAL ASPECT THE PRAGMATIC ASPECT COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS 1. THE DENOTATIONAL ASPECT The denotational aspect of lexical meaning is the part of lexical meaning which establishes correlation between the name and the object, phenomenon, process or characteristic feature of concrete reality (or thought), which is denoted by the given word. e.g. booklet - ‘a small thin book that gives information about something’

1. The Main Variants of the English Language Every language allows different kinds of variations: geographical; territorial; stylistic and others. For historical and economic reasons the English language has spread over vast territories. It is the national language of: England proper, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, some provinces of Canada. It is the official language in: Wales, Scotland, in Gibraltar, on the island of Malta.

Plan Approaches to Analyzing Meaning. Referential Approach to Meaning; Functional Approach to Meaning; Operational Approach to Meaning. Types of Meaning of Words. Two Approaches to the Content Facet Units. SEMASIOLOGY – an area of Lexicology that is devoted to the study of meaning. There is no universally accepted definition of meaning. Three main categories of definitions of meaning may be referred to: - Referential (analytical) approach; - Functional (contextual) approach; - Operational (information-oriented) approach.

Lexicology as a Branch of Linguistics Lexicology: central terms Parts and areas of lexicology Two approaches to language study Lexical units Varieties of words I. Lexicology: central terms Lexicology Word Vocabulary

To work He She It V + s; does Имя сущ. в ед. числе Примеры He works well; She works well; It works well; My car works well.

Chapter Thirteen Table of Contents Informative Speaking Goals and Strategies Types of Informative Speeches Organizing the Informative Speech Tips for Effective Informative Speeches* Informative Speaking Goals and Strategies Building Understanding and Awareness Audience Analysis Strategies for Presenting Information*

Parts of The Plant Roots Leaves Stem Flower Seed Image found at: www.webinstituteforteachers.org Roots 2 Types of Root Systems Taproot Fibrous System Image found at: http://www.puc.edu

Лекція 14 Електростатичне поле у вакуумі План лекції Фундаментальні взаємодії. Електричний заряд. Властивості та закон збереження електричних зарядів. Закон Кулона для точкових і розподілених зарядів. Принцип суперпозиції. Електростатичне поле. Напруженість електричного поля. Лінії напруженості. Поле диполя.

ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ День 2 1.Дыхание через рот, через нос 2.Через правую, левую ноздрю 3.Через мозг, через органы ВДОХ-ВЫДОХ

1. Виды презентаций Презентации используются для: привлечения внимания к какой-либо проблеме, услуге или товару, обучения, разъяснения цели и задачи, демонстрации результатов проделанной работы или планов на будущее и т.д. По типу презентации можно разделить на следующие группы: Линейные презентации. В них материал расположен «по порядку» — начало — продолжение — завершение. Этот тип применяется для торговых презентаций (представление нового товара или услуги), или для обучающих презентаций.

U. S. Capital Dome Built on Capital Hill in Washington, D.C. William Thornton, architect Height is 287.5 ft. Statue of freedom on top of dome U.S. Capital: Senate

Tips to be Covered Outlines Slide Structure Fonts Colour Background Graphs Spelling and Grammar Conclusions Questions Outline The first slide of your presentation is the title Make the 2nd slide an outline of your presentation Place main points on the outline slide Follow the order of your outline for the rest of the presentation

Who is a disciple? A disciple is a dedicated follower and imitator of his master. Hence, a Christian disciple is an imitator of Christ Phil 2:5, Acts 11:26 What is discipleship? Discipleship is a process whereby a Christian who has voluntarily surrendered to Jesus is made to become like Christ Mt. 11:29. It is not a one time thing but a daily and a life-long process. 1 Cor. 15:31 God has a plan for everyone and wants us to conform in all things to the image and life of Jesus Christ. Rm. 8:29 As a disciple, you can either glorify your master or betray him. You can glorify your master by: Worshipping him Testifying of his mighty acts and telling others about him Demonstrating His mighty power and Living a holy lifestyle

Introduction What is Authority? Authority is the right or power to enforce obedience. It is also means to take charge of or to be in control of. Mk 1: 27, Matt. 8:8-9, Mt. 7:29 The word authority is gotten from a Greek word Exousia which could also be translated as jurisdiction, liberty, right or strength. Who has Authority? God, and anyone to whom God has given authority Ps. 62:11, Rm. 13:1-2 i.e. God is the ultimate source of all power and authority Col. 1:16-17. Therefore, respecting godly authority means respecting God Himself. Examples of those to whom God has given authority include parents, leaders, elders, rulers, bosses, government officials, church leaders etc.